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Double-blind optimization of subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a pilot study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate (SCC) is reported to be a safe and effective new treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the optimal electrical stimulation parameters are unknown and generally selected by trial and error. This pilot study investigated the relationship between stimulus parameters and clinical effects in SCC-DBS treatment for TRD. METHODS: Four patients with TRD underwent SCC-DBS surgery. In a double-blind stimulus optimization phase, frequency and pulse widths were randomly altered weekly, and corresponding changes in mood and depression were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17). In the open-label postoptimization phase, depressive symptoms were evaluated biweekly for 6 months to determine long-term clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Longer pulse widths (270-450 μs) were associated with reductions in HAM-D-17 scores in 3 patients and maximal happy mood VAS responses in all 4 patients. Only 1 patient showed acute clinical or mood effects from changing the stimulation frequency. After 6 months of open-label therapy, 2 patients responded and 1 patient partially responded. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include small sample size, weekly changes in stimulus parameters, and fixed-order and carry-forward effects. CONCLUSION: Longer pulse width stimulation may have a role in stimulus optimization for SCC-DBS in TRD. Longer pulse durations produce larger apparent current spread, suggesting that we do not yet know the optimal target or stimulus parameters for this therapy. Investigations using different stimulus parameters are required before embarking on large-scale randomized sham-controlled trials.
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“While in general, studies of SCC DBS for TRD use fixed frequency (130 Hz) and pulse-width (90 μs), three studies were specifically designed to test effects of different stimulation parameters [32][33][34].”
From Deep brain stimulation for depression. (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
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Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression
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Sepas, A., Alkafaji, H., Atici, V., Bjarkam, C. R., & Moos, T. (2025) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/47tw5n
Metadata
- Authors
- Ramasubbu, R., Anderson, S., Haffenden, A., Chavda, S., & Kiss, Z. H. T.
- Affiliations
- Alberta Health Services (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 325-332
- ISSN
- 1180-4882 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2434
- PMC
- PMC3756116
- OpenAlex
- W1964261330
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 5.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Keywords
- subcallosal cingulate, deep brain stimulation, treatment-resistant depression, stimulation parameter optimization, pulse duration, stimulation frequency, current spread, long-term clinical outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Double-Blind Method, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Deep Brain Stimulation, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
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