The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 71 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Spinozas Metaphysics of Desire
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71 Own interpretation · 45 Sources not found · 21 No basis given · 5 No full text of the sources · 4 Not checked yet
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In the paper
“These commentators usually interpret the demonstration as an argument from the impossibility of self-destruction.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“the argument from the impossibility of self-destruction is supplemented by an additional argument from the expressive relationship between modes and God.”
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- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Spinoza identifies a thing's conatus with its causal powers.6”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP7D
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IVP4D
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plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“In IIIP6, Spinoza claims that all things strive to persevere in their being.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“Each natural thing, Spinoza tells us in IIIP6 of his Ethics, is animated by a striving (conatus) for self-preservation.”
- Also stated in: § 1. The Meaning of IIIP6 · plain
“All finite and actually existing things, IIIP6 tells us, strive to persevere in being, i.e., try to stay in existence.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
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In the paper
“I argue that, although the demonstration does indeed contain such an argument, there is a second and more persuasive argument in the demonstration that proceeds from the premise that singular things express divine power.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“Spinoza offers not one but two arguments in favor of the conatus; the argument from the impossibility of self-destruction is supplemented by an additional argument from the expressive relationship between modes and God.”
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- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
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In the paper
“I show that Spinoza's conatus doctrine is a natural consequence of his main premise: that finite things express divine power.”
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In the paper
“I argue that the idea that effects express the natures of their efficient causes can be better understood if we take into account certain assumptions about efficient causality widely held in the seventeenth century.”
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Spinoza argues, in IP25, that God is the efficient cause of both the existence and essence of all things in the following manner:”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP25
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plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the face of this objection we must admit that resistance cannot be legitimately inferred from the impossibility of self-destruction.”
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In the paper
“We can conclude that those critics who charge that IIIP6 cannot be legitimately derived from IIIP4 and IIIP5 alone are absolutely correct.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IIIP5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IIIP6
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In the paper
“Eventually, the idea that an effect receives its qualities from its cause, or, in the language of the Liber de causis, a cause gives (dat) something of itself to or impresses (imprimit) itself upon its effect, became the standard view of efficient causation in the Latin West.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Liber de causis
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plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 48
- It may state two separate claims as one. 36
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“since the demonstration itself is extremely terse, stating its premises and conclusion without explanation, it is less than clear what role the premises concerning expression of divine power are intended to play.”
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Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The demonstration of IIIP6 is often seen as consisting of two stages; the first treats the relationship between the modes and God, and the second deals with the impossibility of self-destruction:”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As I understand it, IIIP6 claims that all existing finite things possess these three characteristics: (1) they act, (2) their actions maintain their existence, and (3) they do everything they can in order to achieve this goal.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“According to Spinoza, to act (agere) is to produce an effect of which the thing acting is the adequate cause, i.e., a cause through which the effect can be understood without reference to anything else.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIID1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IIID2
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plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is central to his metaphysics, psychology, ethics, and political philosophy.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“the conatus doctrine serves to link together Spinoza's metaphysics, cognitive and moral psychology, ethics, and political theory, thus forming the backbone of his system.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the notion of expression employed by Spinoza relies on a conception of efficient causality which, although pervasive in the seventeenth century, is alien to our contemporary notions.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Yet, most recent commentators have viewed the demonstration of IIIP6 with skepticism.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“Many recent commentators doubt the validity of Spinoza's demonstration of the conatus doctrine.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bennett 1984 source
- Not matchedcites Della Rocca 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Garber 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
In the paper
“Hence IIIP6 gives us a universal statement regarding the behavior of finite things that actually exist.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In short, the demonstration itself is little more than a sketch that gestures toward a more complete argument which Spinoza expects his readers to discern from his cursory exposition.”
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Spinoza's seventeenth century readers, however, would immediately recognize the argument from expression as a variant of a class of traditional arguments concerning how the desire for self-preservation of creatures derives from their causal relationship to God.”
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to the Neoplatonists, efficient causality occurs through a process that they called 'emanation' in which the effect receives its qualities or properties from its cause.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effect is said to 'participate' in the cause insofar as it partakes of the qualities or properties transferred to it in the act of causation.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For example, it remains a well-established tenet of scholastic Aristotelianism, as this passage from one of the century's most prominent scholastic philosophers, Suarez, attests:”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Suarez
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In the paper
“In other words, an attribute is the way in which the essence of God is made manifest to the understanding.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites ID4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The unspoken implication is that striving can be ascribed to the body alone.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“That is, the essence provides the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a particular thing.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Contemporary philosophers often think of essential and necessary features as one and the same thing, but Spinoza did not.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“it certainly follows from propositions 4 and 5 that nothing, quantum in se est, performs self-destructive actions, but we cannot infer from this alone that all its actions will aim at self-preservation.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IIIP5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“But P4 only says that nothing can contain anything which can destroy it.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“While both Curley and Matheron both hold that the propositional material from part I invoked by Spinoza have some justificatory role to play in the demonstration of IIIP6, neither of them have described the full significance of that part of the argument (Curley 1988 and Matheron 1969, 11).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Curley 1988
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Matheron 1969
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This conception of efficient causality is pervasive in the seventeenth century.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“it also lies at the root of Cartesian metaphysics as the causal axiom employed in his proof of the existence of God in the third Meditation plainly illustrates”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Third Meditation, AT VII,/40-1, CSM, 28.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“What needs to be proved is that things capable of destroying one another fall under this notion of contrariety.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“More concisely, God's attributes express his essence.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites ID6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At this point, Spinoza seems to make the stretch to the conclusion that all things actively strive for self-preservation.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
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In the paper
“Many commentators hold that Spinoza attempts to derive IIIP6 from the second stage alone, i.e., from the impossibility of self-destruction.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bennett
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Della Rocca
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- Not matchedcites Garber
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plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This proposition means that insofar as one thing can destroy another, the things are of a contrary nature, i.e. cannot be in the same subject.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
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In the paper
“From this Spinoza appears to infer that if something performs an action, then that action does not result in the destruction of that thing.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IIIP5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“One possible explanation is that Spinoza thinks of efficient causation as a kind of expression in a way similar to the emanation or impression of qualities according to the Neoplatonic theory.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Deleuze (1990, 169-186)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One important difference between these two formulations is that while the second allows us to make inferences from an agent's advantage to the agent's behavior, the first does not.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“a substance is in se because it is independent of external causes.9”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Curley 1969 source
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This question has no easy answer because Spinoza never defines the term explicitly 21”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“None of these commentators seems to feel the need to explain why they effectively ignore half of the propositions invoked by Spinoza in his demonstration, viz., IP25C and IP34).”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is interesting to note that while all three of these commentators agree that both the justification depends mainly on the second stage of the demonstration and that the deduction is invalid, they do not agree on which parts of the second stage are important.”
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Spinoza sometimes describes this expressive relationship between the attributes and God in terms of manifestation; attributes manifest or show (ostendunt) God's essence.23”
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Spinoza does not merely wish to affirm that all things only perform actions which aim at self-preservation; rather he makes the stronger claim that each singular thing does everything it can to maintain its existence.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Not only is God's essence expressed by his attributes, but, as we have already seen in the demonstration of IIIP6, the modes express it as well.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Recall that in IP25 and IP25C, Spinoza claims both that God is the efficient cause of the modes and that the modes express God's nature because modes cannot be conceived without God.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP25
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IP25C
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Spinoza thinks that the fact that the conatus determines human beings to do everything in their power to preserve their existence follows as a consequence of the fact that God acts by natural necessity to do everything in his power.55”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites TP, chap.II.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to him, finite things are modes of God, or the one unique substance in which all things inhere.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“God, according to Spinoza, does not have the option of exercising his omnipotence to a greater or lesser degree.He cannot refrain from an act of which he is capable.53 Spinoza's God does not act voluntarily but rather out of what the scholastics would call “natural necessity”; that is, he cannot help but produce all those effects which follow from his nature.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP17S
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“being finite is, in fact, a partial negation, and being infinite is an absolute affirmation of the existence of some nature”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP8S1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to Spinoza, God is not glorified, loving 64 , or wise 65 ; he is merely powerful, i.e., he creates infinitely many things in infinitely many ways from the power by which he produces his own existence.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, God's power is the causal and conceptual link that relates his essence to its own realization.Furthermore, God's essence is his power.So God's existence is both an effect of his power and the realization of that power.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The less dependent on external causes a singular thing is, i.e., the more powerful it is, the more self-causing, long-lived, and free it is, and hence the more perfectly it expresses divine nature.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With respect to genuine suicide, Spinoza says two things, neither of which is straightforwardly successful.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to Spinoza, all true beliefs are adequate and all false beliefs are inadequate.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Spinoza introduces an unusual variation on this early modern theme by claiming that all individuals are modes of one substance.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because our actions express the divine power whereby God creates everything he can, we too must strive to do everything in our power.If an action will help preserve our existence, we must perform it insofar as we can.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Recall that, in Spinoza's technical sense of the term, 'action' refers only to those behaviors of which the agent is the adequate cause.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On my interpretation of the meaning of expression in Spinoza, for a singular thing to express a substance is to manifest and contain its essence in a finite form.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Creatures thus do not seek glory, love, or wisdom, but merely express this power in the form of a striving to persevere in existence, or rather, if they seek those things (as of course they do) it is not as ends in themselves but as means to the end of self-preservation.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Creatures are determinate and finite expressions or modes of God's power and for this reason their existence and action depend upon God.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“There are no probabilistic tendencies in Spinoza's world.A given state of affairs has determinate consequences which follow with logical necessity.52”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites EIP26, IP27, IP28D, IP29D, IP33D, IP33S
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thomas claims that all things desire to be or exist and, from that desire, resist those things that can destroy them.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But if people are really only ever motivated by a desire for self-preservation, then Seneca should prefer a painful and undignified death in the morning (and consequently a somewhat longer life) to a painless death tonight (and consequently a shorter life).”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to Spinoza, God is his own cause or causa sui.This means that his existence follows necessarily from his own essence.Moreover, all other things follow necessarily from his essence.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP34D
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Spinoza also says that life should be attributed to all things, thus everything has a force through which it perseveres in its being.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CM, Part II, chap.VI, G/I, 260.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adequate causes are those causes the effects of which can be understood through them alone without reference to any additional causal factors.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I submit the following hypothesis: Spinoza believes that these two characteristics of the conatus follow from the fact that the divine power has the following two features: (1) it is the source of God's causal relation to himself and (2) God does everything in his power.”
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Of course, no finite thing can bring itself into existence, but, as Don Garrett has observed in this connection, it can bring about its continued existence.51 The power of a finite thing to bring about its own existence would thus be a power of continuing in existence.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Garrett 2002, 144 source
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The power of creatures, according to Spinoza, does not resemble or imitate the power of God.Rather, it is the very power of God itself, manifested in a finite form.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Divine power has three characteristics that correspond to the three characteristics of conatus driven modes: (1) it eventuates in divine action, (2) it is responsible for God's own existence, (3) it produces everything of which it is capable.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For Thomas, on the other hand, things are like or imitate God insofar as they desire their own existence, but this likeness or imitation is defective.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I believe that the limitation in question is a causal limitation and that the limiting factor must be of the same nature as the thing limited because causation cannot take place between attributes.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Causation cannot take place between attributes; causal interaction requires a shared attribute.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to Spinoza, it is a consequence of the fact that creatures express divine power that they have a right to everything in their power, because he thinks of expression as a finite manifestation, i.e., a mode, of divine power.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“God too has life, and this power of self-preservation is identified with his essence.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CM, Part II, chap.VI, G/I, 260.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The definition of an individual thus cannot contain anything incompatible with the realization of the thing's essence, i.e., incompatible with its existence.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“As Jonathan Bennett has argued, stated in this way, Spinoza's explanation makes no sense.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bennett 1984 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although Spinoza cannot account for coerced suicides in a way compatible with IIIP6, he can successfully explain away many cases of putative suicide.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Since (according to IIIP5), a single individual cannot comprise mutually destructive parts, the suicidal person ceases to be a genuine individual.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Perhaps a more promising variation of this strategy would be to claim that the mental illness results not in a new person, but rather fractures the person into a number of mutually destructive parts.”
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Spinoza's use of 'expression' is sufficiently consistent across his works that examining various contexts can reveal its meaning.
“This question has no easy answer because Spinoza never defines the term explicitly 21 , but an examination of the various contexts in which Spinoza uses the word sheds some light on its meaning.22”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The qualifier 'in a finite way' properly attaches to the predicate 'has the power of bringing about the existence of' and not to the conjoined statement of identity.
“Of course, this assumes that the qualifier 'in a finite way' properly attaches to the predicate 'has the power of bring about the existence of' and not the conjoined statement of identity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Causation cannot take place between attributes; causal interaction requires a shared attribute.
“because causation cannot take place between attributes”
“in order for two things to causally interact, they must have an attribute in common”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many suicides are botched attempts to win sympathy or otherwise manipulate loved ones, not sincere attempts to take one's own life.
“To begin with many suicides are really botched attempts to win sympathy or otherwise manipulate loved ones, not sincere attempt to take one's own life.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Theories rarely collapse under the weight of a single anomaly.
“theories rarely collapse under the weight of a single anomaly.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Thomas's view is representative of the orthodox Christian view.
“the orthodox view represented by Thomas”
“The traditional view represented by Thomas”
Citations
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Expressionism in philosophy: Spinoza
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-5025 · Cited by 1,215
Descartes' Metaphysical Physics
Downing, L. (1993) · The review of metaphysics · Cited by 590
The Cambridge Companion to Spinoza
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Spinoza's Metaphysics: An Essay in Interpretation
Curley, E. M. (1969) · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674330450 · Cited by 349
Force (God) in Descartes' physics
Hatfield, G. (1979) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A · doi:10.1016/0039-3681(79)90013-x · Cited by 173
Spinoza: Essays in Interpretation
Mark, T. C. (1975) · Teaching Philosophy · doi:10.5840/teachphil19751259 · Cited by 159
UNDERSTANDING INTERACTION: WHAT DESCARTES SHOULD HAVE TOLD ELISABETH
Gärber, D. (1983) · The Southern Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1111/j.2041-6962.1983.tb01534.x · Cited by 147
Garrett, D. (2002) · Spinoza: Metaphysical Themes · doi:10.1093/019512815x.003.0008 · Cited by 122
Spinoza's Metaphysics: An Essay in Interpretation.
von Leyden, W., & Curley, E. M. (1971) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2218135 · Cited by 103
Spinoza's metaphysical psychology
Della Rocca, M. (1995) · The Cambridge Companion to Spinoza · doi:10.1017/ccol0521392357.006 · Cited by 93
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- [24]24. Joachim, H. 1901. A Study of the Ethics of Spinoza. Oxford.
- [25]25. Proclus. 1963. Elements of Theology. Greek/English. Ed. E.R. Dodds. Oxford. Pseudo-Dionysus. 1937-50.
- [31]31. Spinoza, B. 1925. Opera. Ed. C. Gebhardt. Heidelberg. [English translation: Curley, E. 1985. The Complete Works of Spinoza, vol. 1. Princeton.]
- [32]32. Suarez, F. 1965. Opera Omnia, vol. 25. Ed. C. Berton. Hildesheim. [English trans- lation: Freddosco, A. 1994. On Efficient Causaltity. New Haven.]
- [33]33. Toberline, J. (ed.) 1994. Philosophical Perspectives 8: Language and Logic.
- [35]35. Yovel, Y. (ed.) 1991. God and Nature: Spinoza's Metaphysics. Leiden. !rrrooouuuggghhhttt ttt ooo yyyooouuu bbbyyy ||| RRRuuuttt gggeeerrrsss UUUnnniii vvveeerrrsssiii ttt yyy LLLaaawww LLLiii bbbrrraaarrryyy AAAuuuttt hhheeennnttt iii cccaaattt eeeddd ||| 111222888... 666... 222111888... 777222 DDDooowwwnnnlll oooaaaddd DDDaaattt eee ||| 222/// 111999/// 111333 888::: 333222 PPPMMM
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Temporality and psychopathology
Fuchs, T. A. E. (2010) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-010-9189-4 · Cited by 342
“For further reading, see e.g. Lin 2004.”
BackgroundViljanen, V. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139005210 · Cited by 209
Spinoza on Philosophy, Religion, and Politics
James, S. (2012) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698127.001.0001 · Cited by 129
Lin, M. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198834151.001.0001 · Cited by 49
Self-citationThe Distinction between Reason and Intuitive Knowledge in S pinoza's E thics
Soyarslan, S. (2013) · European Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1111/ejop.12052 · Cited by 38
Metadata
- Authors
- LIN, M.
- Corresponding author
- LIN, MARTIN
- Venue
- Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2004-01-03
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 0003-9101 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-0650
- OpenAlex
- W1971581031
- Semantic Scholar
- 01ac9e55167a197c6f1f4ef66cdeed4455f46f1c
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- green
- philarchive.org
- Locations
- Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie (publishedVersion)
- PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, and Hegel
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Historical Philosophy and Science
- Keywords
- Spinoza, desire, metaphysics, ethics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Spinozas Metaphysics of Desire. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1515/agph.2004.003
- The paper
- LIN, M. (2004). Spinozas Metaphysics of Desire. Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie. https://doi.org/10.1515/agph.2004.003
