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Cited by 22Nanoparticles: synthesis and applicationsAir Quality and Health ImpactsOccupational and environmental lung diseases

Human inhalation exposure to iron oxide particles

Open access
Lewinski, Nastassja, Graczyk, Halshka, Riediker, Michael·2013·BioNanoMaterials
DOI 10.1515/bnm-2013-0007
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Abstract

In the past decade, many studies have been conducted to determine the health effects induced by exposure to engineered nanomaterials (NMs). Specifically for exposure via inhalation, numerous in vitro and animal in vivo inhalation toxicity studies on several types of NMs have been published. However, these results are not easily extrapolated to judge the effects of inhaling NMs in humans, and few published studies on the human response to inhalation of NMs exist. Given the emergence of more industries utilizing iron oxide nanoparticles as well as more nanomedicine applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), this review presents an overview of the inhalation studies that have been conducted in humans on iron oxides. Both occupational exposure studies on complex iron oxide dusts and fumes, as well as human clinical studies on aerosolized, micron-size iron oxide particles are discussed. Iron oxide particles have not been described to elicit acute inhalation response nor promote lung disease after chronic exposure. The few human clinical studies comparing inhalation of fine and ultrafine metal oxide particles report no acute changes in the health parameters measured. Taken together existing evidence suggests that controlled human exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles, such as SPIONs, could be conducted safely.

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  • The exposure of animals and humans to equivalent iron oxides (intranasal, intratracheal, intravenous, and inhaled) are most frequently without biological effects.

    “The exposure of animals and humans to equivalent iron oxides (intranasal, intratracheal, intravenous, and inhaled) are most frequently without biological effects [133,134,135,136].”

    From Asbestos and Iron (2023) · cites this paper as [133]

    The Controlled human volunteer inhalation studies section (p. 6) reports no signs of inflammation or altered lung function after one inhalation exposure, supporting part of the claim. But the same section reports an acute inflammatory response and cell injury after iron oxide instillation, while the Animal inhalation studies section (p. 14) reports inflammatory and systemic effects in some studies. The paper does not establish that exposure across all the listed routes, including intravenous exposure, is most frequently without biological effects. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. [17]17. ACGIH. Iron oxide. 7th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2006.
  2. [21]21. Hansen E. A cohort mortality study of foundry workers. Am J Ind Med 1997;32:223-33.
  3. [23]23. Xu Z, Brown LM, Pan GW, Liu TF, Gao GS, Stone BJ, et al. Cancer risk among iron and steel workers in Anshan, China, part II: case-control studies of lung and stomach cancer. Am J Ind Med 1996;30:7-15.
  4. [34]34. Potter M. Iron oxide pigments, 2001 Annual Review. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, 2001.
  5. [67]67. ACGIH. Zinc oxide, 7th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2003.
  6. [73]73. Pauluhn J, Wiemann M. Siderite (FeCO3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) overload-dependent pulmonary toxicity is determined by the poorly soluble particle not the iron content. Inhal Toxicol 2011;23:763-83.
  7. [104]104. Hewitt PJ. Deposition and elimination of iron oxide aerosol from the lung of rats: comparison with ICRP predictions for man. In: Snyder WS, editor, Proceedings of the Third International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association, Washington, DC, 1974: 1249-54.
  8. [106]106. Watson AY, Brain JD. Uptake of iron-oxide aerosols by mouse airway epithelium. Lab Invest 1979;40:450-9.

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Authors
Lewinski, N., Graczyk, H., & Riediker, M.
Affiliations
Institute for Work and Health (CH)
Corresponding author
Lewinski, Nastassja
ORCID
Venue
BioNanoMaterials
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Published
2013-09-01
Volume
14
Issue
1-2
Pages
5-23
ISSN
  • 2193-0651 (ISSN-L)
  • 2193-066X
DOI
10.1515/bnm-2013-0007
OpenAlex
W2126939783
Cited by
22
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
FWCI
0.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • BioNanoMaterials (publishedVersion)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Whitaker International Program
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Occupational and environmental lung diseases
Keywords
iron oxide nanoparticles, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, inhalation exposure, human exposure studies, occupational exposure, lung disease, controlled human exposure, nanomedicine

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