The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML): language specification for level 3 version 2 core release 2
Open accessAbstract
Computational models can help researchers to interpret data, understand biological function, and make quantitative predictions. The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a file format for representing computational models in a declarative form that can be exchanged between different software systems. SBML is oriented towards describing biological processes of the sort common in research on a number of topics, including metabolic pathways, cell signaling pathways, and many others. By supporting SBML as an input/output format, different tools can all operate on an identical representation of a model, removing opportunities for translation errors and assuring a common starting point for analyses and simulations. This document provides the specification for Version 1 of SBML Level 3 Core. The specification defines the data structures prescribed by SBML as well as their encoding in XML, the eXtensible Markup Language. This specification also defines validation rules that determine the validity of an SBML document, and provides many examples of models in SBML form. Other materials and software are available from the SBML project web site, http://sbml.org/.
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Self-citationCurating and comparing 114 strain-specific genome-scale metabolic models of Staphylococcus aureus
Renz, A., & Dräger, A. (2021) · npj Systems Biology and Applications · doi:10.1038/s41540-021-00188-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationKöller, A., Grzegorzewski, J., Tautenhahn, H., & König, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.730418 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationMulti-scale models of whole cells: progress and challenges
Georgouli, K., Yeom, J.-S., Blake, R. C., & Navid, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1260507 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Jácome-Sosa, M., Hu, Q., Manrique‐Acevedo, C., Phair, R. D., & Parks, E. J. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.148378 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hoyt, C. T., Domingo‐Fernándéz, D., & Hofmann‐Apitius, M. (2018) · Database · doi:10.1093/database/bay126 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
SBML2Modelica: integrating biochemical models within open-standard simulation ecosystems
Maggioli, F., Mancini, T., & Tronci, E. (2019) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz860 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The role of metadata in reproducible computational research
Leipzig, J. N., Nüst, D., Hoyt, C. T., Ram, K., & Greenberg, J. (2021) · Patterns · doi:10.1016/j.patter.2021.100322 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Pickaxe: a Python library for the prediction of novel metabolic reactions
Shebek, K. M., Strutz, J., Broadbelt, L. J., & Tyo, K. E. J. (2023) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/s12859-023-05149-8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Delay-differential SEIR modeling for improved modelling of infection dynamics
Kiselev, I. N., Akberdin, I. R., & Kolpakov, F. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-40008-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A biochemical network modeling of a whole-cell
Burke, P. E. P., Campos, C. B. D. L., Costa, L. D. F., & Quiles, M. G. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70145-4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Harrold, J. M., & Abraham, A. K. (2014) · Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics · doi:10.1007/s10928-014-9352-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Akberdin, I. R., Kiselev, I. N., Pintus, S. S., Sharipov, R., Vertyshev, A. Y., Виноградова, О. Л., Викторович, П. Д., & Kolpakov, F. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221910353 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
MIMO: an efficient tool for molecular interaction maps overlap
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Kutumova, E., Kiselev, I., Sharipov, R., Lifshits, G., & Kolpakov, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.746300 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Specifications of standards in systems and synthetic biology: status and developments in 2020
Schreiber, F., Sommer, B., Czauderna, T., Golebiewski, M., Gorochowski, T. E., Hucka, M., Keating, S. M., König, M., Myers, C., Nickerson, D., et al. (2020) · Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics · doi:10.1515/jib-2020-0022 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationSolving Challenges at the Interface of Simulation and Big Data Using Machine Learning
Giabbanelli, P. J. (2019) · Winter Simulation Conference · doi:10.1109/wsc40007.2019.9004755 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Integrated human/SARS-CoV-2 metabolic models present novel treatment strategies against COVID-19
Bannerman, B. P., Júlvez, J., Oarga, A., Blundell, T. L., Moreno, P. A., & Floto, R. A. (2021) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.202000954 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Merkt, S., Ali, S., Gudina, E. K., Adissu, W., Gize, A., Muenchhoff, M., Graf, A., Krebs, S., Elsbernd, K., Kisch, R., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47556-2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
NSDF: Neuroscience Simulation Data Format
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Prediction of Dynamical Properties of Biochemical Pathways with Graph Neural Networks
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Sakkalis, V., Sfakianakis, S. G., Tzamali, E., Kostas Marias, A., STAMATAKOS, G. S., Misichroni, F. D., Ouzounoglou, E., Kolokotroni, E. A., Dionysiou, D. D., Johnson, D., et al. (2014) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2013.2297167 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Optimal control of agent-based models via surrogate modeling
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SBOannotator: a Python tool for the automated assignment of systems biology ontology terms
Leonidou, N., Fritze, E., Renz, A., & Dräger, A. (2023) · Bioinform. · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btad437 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationTen steps to investigate a cellular system with mathematical modeling
King, J., Eroumé, K. S., Truckenmüller, R. K., Giselbrecht, S., Cowan, A. E., Loew, L. M., & Carlier, A. (2021) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008921 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Practical steps to digital organism models, from laboratory model species to ‘Crops in silico
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Datanator: an integrated database of molecular data for quantitatively modeling cellular behavior
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A Systematic Assessment Of Current Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstruction ToolsPreprint
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Self-citationStandards, dissemination, and best practices in systems biology
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In silico encounters: harnessing metabolic modelling to understand plant–microbe interactions
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Casini, I., McCubbin, T., Esquivel-Elizondo, S., Luque, G. G., Evseeva, D., Fink, C., Beblawy, S., Youngblut, N. D., Aristilde, L., Huson, D. H., et al. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.108016 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantitative computational models of molecular self-assembly in systems biology
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Hucka, M., Bergmann, F. T., Chaouiya, C., Dräger, A., Hoops, S., Keating, S. M., König, M., Novère, N. L., Myers, C. J., Olivier, B. G., Sahle, S., Schaff, J. C., Sheriff, R., Smith, L. P., Waltemath, D., Wilkinson, D. J., & Zhang, F.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- German Center for Infection Research (DE)
- Virginia Tech (US)
- European Bioinformatics Institute (GB)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- University of Utah (US)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
- University of Washington (US)
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (DE)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Lucian P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2019-06-20
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 266-266
- ISSN
- 1432-4385 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-4516
- PMC
- PMC6798823
- OpenAlex
- W2916475656
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 9.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Berichte aus der medizinischen Informatik und Bioinformatik/Journal of integrative bioinformatics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL AMU (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin) (cc-by)
- PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM077671, R01GM070923, P41GM103313)
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Army Research Office
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Scientific Computing and Data Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Keywords
- SBML, XML data structure, mathematical biology, metabolic pathways, signaling pathways
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Computer Graphics, Documentation, Humans, Models, Biological, Programming Languages, Signal Transduction, Information Storage and Retrieval, Proteome, Internationality, Systems Biology, Biological Ontologies, Datasets as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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