Cited by 12Treatment of Major DepressionPhysical Activity and HealthTryptophan and brain disorders

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Neurological mechanism-based analysis of the role and characteristics of physical activity in the improvement of depressive symptoms

Wang, Nan, Zhu, Shanshan, Chen, Shuyang, Zou, Ju, Zeng, Peng, Tan, Sijie·2025·Reviews in the Neurosciences

DOI 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0147

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Abstract

Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by a high prevalence and significant adverse effects, making the searching for effective interventions an urgent priority. In recent years, physical activity (PA) has increasingly been recognized as a standard adjunctive treatment for mental disorders owing to its low cost, easy application, and high efficiency. Epidemiological data shows positive preventive and therapeutic effects of PA on mental illnesses such as depression. This article systematically describes the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of PA on depression and its biological basis. A comprehensive literature analysis reveals that PA significantly improves depressive symptoms by upregulating the expression of "exerkines" such as irisin, adiponectin, and BDNF to positively impacting neuropsychiatric conditions. In particular, lactate could also play a critical role in the ameliorating effects of PA on depression due to the findings about protein lactylation as a novel protein post-transcriptional modification. The literature also suggests that in terms of brain structure, PA may improve hippocampal volume, basal ganglia (neostriatum, caudate-crustal nucleus) and PFC density in patients with MDD. In summary, this study elucidates the multifaceted positive effects of PA on depression and its potential biological mechanisms with a particular emphasis on the roles of various exerkines. Future research may further investigate the effects of different types, intensities, and durations of PA on depression, as well as how to better integrate PA interventions into existing treatment strategies to achieve optimal outcomes in mental health interventions.

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Authors: Wang, N., Zhu, S., Chen, S., Zou, J., Zeng, P., & Tan, S.
Affiliations: University of South China (CN)
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CN)
Corresponding author: Tan, Sijie
ORCID: Wang, Nan
Zhu, Shanshan
Chen, Shuyang
Zou, Ju
Zeng, Peng
Tan, Sijie
Venue: Reviews in the Neurosciences
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Published: 2025-01-21
Volume: 36
Issue: 5
Pages: 455-478
ISSN: 0334-1763 (ISSN-L)
2191-0200
DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0147
OpenAlex: W4406627671
Cited by: 12
References: 296
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 4
FWCI: 1.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Reviews in the Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2023JJ30504)
Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20242BAB25472)
Hunan Education Department (22A0311)
The Science and Technology Innovation Project for College Students of Hunan Province (S202310555219 (Zhang Yun,), 461 (Xu Heng))
Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis (2023SB101)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: physical activity, depression, major depressive disorder, exerkines, irisin, adiponectin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, lactate, lactylation, hippocampal volume, basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, neuroplasticity, adjunctive therapy
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Depression, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Exercise

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Neurological mechanism-based analysis of the role and characteristics of physical activity in the improvement of depressive symptoms

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