Nomophobia and relationships with latent classes of solitude
Abstract
Recently, nomophobia (separation anxiety from mobile phone) has become a common phenomenon. The authors' main purpose was to explore latent classes of solitude behaviors and how they are related to nomophobia. Chinese versions of the Nomophobia Scale and the Solitude Behaviour Scale were used in a sample of college students (351 female and 327 male). Latent class analysis, analysis of variance, and regression analysis were employed to classify solitude behaviors and explore the relationship between solitude and nomophobia. A six-class model best fit the data (BIC = 60086.49). Significant differences among the classes were found on nomophobia. Loneliness, social avoidance, and eccentricity significantly predicted nomophobia. Solitude behaviors of college students can be divided into six latent classes. The classes with a high response preference for solitude scored higher on nomophobia, especially the fear of losing an Internet connection. Not self-determined solitude and negative-solitude had a positive effect on nomophobia.
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Individuals can have four solitude behaviors at the same time, only high and low levels differ.
“Lu et al. found that individuals could have four solitude behaviors at the same time, only the high and low levels of the four solitudes differ [22].”
From The effect of fear of missing out on mental health: differences in different solitude behaviors (2023) · cites this paper as [22]
Cites
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“Self-determined theory”
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“Some researchers considered it as a by-product caused by excessive mobile phone use (Yildirim & Correia, 2015). worsen mental health when an individual lacks mobile phone access (Elhai et al., 2021).”
BackgroundSmartphone addiction and its relationship with social anxiety and loneliness
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“Excessive mobile phone use impacted students’ attention and learning, and those higher in nomophobia performed worse on quiz material in classrooms (Mendoza et al., 2018).”
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“In the case of and stress, which can endanger health (Olivencia-Carrión Olivencia-Carrión et al., 2018; Tams et al., 2018).”
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The effect of fear of missing out on mental health: differences in different solitude behaviors
Liu, X., Liu, T., Zhou, Z., & Wan, F. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01184-5 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“found that individuals could have four solitude behaviors at the same time, only the high and low levels of the four solitudes differ [22].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Lu, X., Liu, T., Liu, X., Yang, H., & Elhai, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Tianjin Normal University (CN)
- Venue
- Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic
- Publisher
- Guilford Publications
- Published
- 2022-03
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-19
- ISSN
- 0025-9284 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4221084884
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 5.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- nomophobia, latent classes, loneliness, social avoidance, eccentricity, mobile phone dependence, university students
- MeSH terms
- Latent Class Analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Students
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