Passive-aggressive (negativistic) personality disorder: A population-based twin study
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the familial aggregation of passive aggressive personality disorder (PAPD), and explore issues regarding PAPD raised by the DSM-IV Personality Disorder Work Group. Two thousand seven hundred and ninety-four Norwegian twins from the population-based Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel were interviewed with the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV). Because of the rarity of the twins meeting full diagnostic criteria for PAPD a dimensional representation of the disorder was used for the analyses. Overlap with other axis II disorders was assessed by polychoric correlations, while familial aggregation was explored by structural equation twin models. Overlap was highest with paranoid (r = 0.52) and borderline personality disorder (r = 0.53), and lowest with schizoid (r = 0.26). Significant familial aggregation was found for PAPD. The twin correlations and parameter estimates in the full model indicated genetic and shared environmental effects for females, and only shared environmental effects for males, but the prevalence of endorsed PAPD criteria in this community sample was too low to permit us to conclude with confidence regarding the relative influence of genetic and shared environmental factors on the familial aggregation of PAPD.
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The lack of quantitative sex differences is consistent with individual results across studies which formally tested for quantitative sex differences.
“This is consistent with the individual results across studies which formally tested for quantitative sex differences (e.g., Baker et al., 2008; Czajkowski et al., 2008; Eley et al., 1999; Finkel and McGue, 1997; Tackett et al., 2009; Tuvblad et al., 2009).”
From Human Aggression Across the Lifespan (2011) · cites this paper as Czajkowski et al., 2008
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Growth of the Literature on the Topic of Personality Disorders
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Tambs, K., Rønning, T., Prescott, C. A., Kendler, K. S., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Torgersen, S., & Harris, J. R. (2009) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.12.2.158 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
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Genetics of Personality Disorders
Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T. (2008) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2008.03.012 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Construct Validity of Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder
Hopwood, C. J., Morey, L. C., Markowitz, J. C., Pinto, A., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., Zanarini, M. C., Shea, M. T., Yen, S., McGlashan, T. H., et al. (2009) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.2009.72.3.256 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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The nature (and nurture) of personality disorders
TORGERSEN, S. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00788.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Human Aggression Across the Lifespan
Tuvblad, C., & Baker, L. A. (2011) · Advances in Genetics · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380858-5.00007-1 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript for quantitative sex differences (e.g., Baker et al., 2008; Czajkowski et al., 2008; Eley et al., 1999; Finkel and McGue, 1997; Tackett et al., 2009; Tuvblad et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialTambs, K., Rønning, T., Prescott, C. A., Kendler, K. S., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Torgersen, S., & Harris, J. R. (2009) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.12.2.158 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Czajkowski, N., Kendler, K. S., Jacobson, K. C., Tambs, K., Røysamb, E., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality Disorders
- Publisher
- Guilford Publications
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 109-122
- ISSN
- 0885-579X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2156138604
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-068643, R01MH068643)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- passive-aggressive personality disorder, familial aggregation, heritability, paranoid personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, Axis II personality disorders, twin studies
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Borderline Personality Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Norway, Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder, Personality Assessment, Risk Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Cluster Analysis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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