The 10-Year Course of Social Security Disability Income Reported by Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder and Axis II Comparison Subjects
Open accessAbstract
This study had two purposes. The first purpose was to assess the prevalence as well as the stability of reliance on social security disability income (SSDI) among patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The second purpose was to detail the prevalence of aspects of adult competence reported by borderline patients who ever received disability payments and those who never received such payments. The disability status and other aspects of psychosocial functioning of 290 borderline inpatients and 72 axis II comparison subjects were assessed using a semi-structured interview at baseline and at each of the five subsequent two-year follow-up periods. Borderline patients were three times more likely to be receiving SSDI benefits than axis II comparison subjects over time, although the prevalence rate for both groups remained relatively stable. Forty percent of borderline patients on such payments at baseline were able to get off disability but 43% of these patients subsequently went back on SSDI. Additionally, 39% of borderline patients who were not on disability at baseline started to receive federal benefits for the first time. However, borderline patients on SSDI were not without psychosocial strengths. By the time of the 10-year follow-up, 55% had worked or gone to school at least 50% of the last two years, about 70% had a supportive relationship with at least one friend, and over 50% a good relationship with a romantic partner. The results of this study suggest that receiving SSDI benefits is both more common and more fluid over time for patients with BPD than previously known.
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BPD patients are significantly more likely than axis II comparison subjects to rely on federal disability benefits.
“We have also found that borderline patients are significantly more likely to support themselves through federal disability benefits than axis II comparison subjects (19).”
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- Authors
- Zanarini, M. C., Jacoby, R. J., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., & Fitzmaurice, G.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality Disorders
- Publisher
- Guilford Publications
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 346-356
- ISSN
- 0885-579X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3222934
- OpenAlex
- W2058949942
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Personality Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-62169, R29MH047588, R01MH062169, MH-47588)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Demography › Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, disability benefits, long-term course, functional recovery, psychosocial functioning, adult skills, Axis II personality disorders, education and employment, interpersonal relationships
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Borderline Personality Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Disabled Persons, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Income, Interpersonal Relations, Interviews as Topic, Male, Massachusetts, Recurrence, Social Security, Social Support, Prevalence, Survival Analysis, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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