The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Deriving an Empirical Structure of Personality Pathology for DSM-5
Abstract
The DSM-IV model of personality disorders is composed of trait sets arranged into 10 theoretically distinct, polythetically assessed categories, with little regard for how the traits comprising these disorders are interrelated and structured. Research since the publication of DSM-III has shown that this model is untenable. The question is not whether this model needs revision; rather, the question is how to move from the existing DSM-IV framework to a model better connected with data. Empirically-based models of personality trait variation provide a starting point for DSM-5, and ongoing research will be used to delineate further the empirical structure of personality traits in the pathological range. The ultimate goal is to frame future DSMs in a way that is maximally useful for clinicians as well as researchers. It is also critical to understand that the DSM-5 is intended to be a living document that will facilitate novel inquiry and clinical applications, as opposed to a document designed to promote and perpetuate a fixed set of constructs. Thus, we view a proposed trait system as a first step on a path to a well-validated, clinically-useful structure.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1999) · Cited by 7,995
An alternative "description of personality": The Big-Five factor structure.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.59.6.1216 · Cited by 6,652
Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidya, J., & Tellegen, A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.820 · Cited by 2,103
Self-citationBenet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.75.3.729 · Cited by 1,996
The Structure of Common Mental Disorders
Krueger, R. F. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.10.921 · Cited by 1,881
Self-citationKendler, K. S., Prescott, C. A., Myers, J., & Neale, M. C. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.929 · Cited by 1,868
(1985) · Cited by 1,630
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Andrews, B. P. (1996) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6603_3 · Cited by 1,432
Krueger, R. F., Hicks, B. M., Patrick, C. J., Carlson, S. R., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.3.411 · Cited by 1,378
Self-citationRethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V.
Watson, D. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.522 · Cited by 1,332 · cited 2×
“With regard to points of correspondence, the FFM includes four broad domains that are closely linked with broad dimensions of pathological personality variation (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness; Markon, Krueger, & Watson, 2005; Livesley et al., 1998).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Cited by
The dark side of personality at work: DARK PERSONALITY REVIEW
Spain, S. M., Harms, P., & LeBreton, J. M. (2014) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.1894 · Cited by 521
The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: A Five-Factor Measure of Narcissistic Personality Traits
Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2012) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2012.670680 · Cited by 393
Personality Disorders in DSM-5
Skodol, A. E. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143131 · Cited by 360
Self-citationAn Evolutionary Life History Framework for Psychopathology
Del Giudice, M. (2014) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2014.884918 · Cited by 309
Wright, A. G. C., & Simms, L. J. (2014) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000037 · Cited by 309
Metadata
- Authors
- Krueger, R. F., Eaton, N. R., Clark, L. A., Watson, D., Markon, K. E., Derringer, J., Skodol, A., & Livesley, W. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality Disorders
- Publisher
- Guilford Publications
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 170-191
- ISSN
- 0885-579X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2105076219
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 83
- FWCI
- 39.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Deriving an Empirical Structure of Personality Pathology for DSM-5. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1521/pedi.2011.25.2.170
- The paper
- Krueger, R. F., Eaton, N. R., Clark, L. A., Watson, D., Markon, K. E., Derringer, J., Skodol, A., & Livesley, W. J. (2011). Deriving an Empirical Structure of Personality Pathology for DSM-5. Journal of Personality Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2011.25.2.170
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
