The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Personality Assessment in DSM-5: Empirical Support for Rating Severity, Style, and Traits
Open accessAbstract
Despite a general consensus that dimensional models are superior to the categorical representations of personality disorders in DSM-IV, proposals for how to depict personality pathology dimensions vary substantially. One important question involves how to separate clinical severity from the style of expression through which personality pathology manifests. This study empirically distinguished stylistic elements of personality pathology symptoms from the overall severity of personality disorder in a large, longitudinally assessed clinical sample (N = 605). Data suggest that generalized severity is the most important single predictor of current and prospective dysfunction, but that stylistic elements also indicate specific areas of difficulty. Normative personality traits tend to relate to the general propensity for personality pathology, but not stylistic elements of personality disorders. Overall, findings support a three-stage diagnostic strategy involving a global rating of personality disorder severity, ratings of parsimonious and discriminant valid stylistic elements of personality disorder, and ratings of normative personality traits.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Erikson, E. H. (2026) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.18614668 · Cited by 11,235
"General Intelligence," Objectively Determined and Measured
Spearman, C. (1904) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1412107 · Cited by 6,207
Assessment of social adjustment by patient self report.
Weissman, M. M. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770090101010 · Cited by 1,782
Keller, M. B. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800180050009 · Cited by 1,643
Objective Tests as Instruments of Psychological Theory
Loevinger, J. (1957) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1957.3.3.635 · Cited by 1,473
Severe Personality Disorders: Psychotherapeutic Strategies
Kernberg, O. F. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,308
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.07.002 · Cited by 1,018
Plate tectonics in the classification of personality disorder: Shifting to a dimensional model.
Widiger, T. A., & Trull, T. J. (2007) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.2.71 · Cited by 957
The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic review
Saulsman, L. M., & Page, A. C. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2002.09.001 · Cited by 915
The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study: Reliability of Axis I and II Diagnoses
Zanarini, M. C., Skodol, A. E., Bender, D., Dolan, R., Sanislow, C., Schaefer, E., Morey, L. C., Grilo, C. M., Shea, M. T., McGlashan, T. H., et al. (2000) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2000.14.4.291 · Cited by 771
Self-citation
Cited by
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., Brown, T. A., Carpenter, W. T., Caspi, A., Clark, L. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000258 · Cited by 3,335
Self-citationClassification, assessment, prevalence, and effect of personality disorder
Tyrer, P., Reed, G. M., & Crawford, M. J. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61995-4 · Cited by 656
The structure of personality pathology: Both general (‘g’) and specific (‘s’) factors?
Sharp, C., Wright, A. G. C., Fowler, J. C., Frueh, B. C., Allen, J. G., Oldham, J., & Clark, L. A. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000033 · Cited by 515
Personality Disorders in DSM-5
Skodol, A. E. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143131 · Cited by 360
Self-citationWeekers, L. C., Hutsebaut, J., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2019) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1434 · Cited by 317
Metadata
- Authors
- Hopwood, C. J., Malone, J. C., Ansell, E. B., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., Pinto, A., Markowitz, J. C., Shea, M. T., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., Zanarini, M. C., & Morey, L. C.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality Disorders
- Publisher
- Guilford Publications
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 305-320
- ISSN
- 0885-579X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2099120380
- Cited by
- 377
- References
- 48
- FWCI
- 21.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Personality Assessment in DSM-5: Empirical Support for Rating Severity, Style, and Traits. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1521/pedi.2011.25.3.305
- The paper
- Hopwood, C. J., Malone, J. C., Ansell, E. B., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., Pinto, A., Markowitz, J. C., Shea, M. T., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., Zanarini, M. C., & Morey, L. C. (2011). Personality Assessment in DSM-5: Empirical Support for Rating Severity, Style, and Traits. Journal of Personality Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2011.25.3.305
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.