A Comparison of Latent Class, Latent Trait, and Factor Mixture Models of DSM-IV Borderline Personality Disorder Criteria in a Community Setting: Implications for DSM-5
Open accessAbstract
With the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) scheduled for publication in 2013, researchers continue to debate the optimal classification of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Much of the discussion has focused on the relative merits of dimensional versus categorical classification schemes for BPD. Advances in statistical technologies have made it possible to adjudicate between continuous and categorical models of BPD using quantitative methods, yet no prior studies have attempted such a comparison. The current study directly compares the fit of dimensional, categorical, and hybrid models of BPD in a large community sample (N = 700) of young adults at risk for psychopathology due to elevated rates of maternal depression. BPD symptoms were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Latent class, latent trait, and factor mixture models of SCID-II symptoms were estimated, and a latent trait model provided superior fit to the data, supporting a dimensional conceptualization of borderline pathology. The nosological implications of these results are discussed with respect to a "hybrid" model of BPD diagnosis currently under consideration for DSM-5.
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A dimensional, trait-based perspective holds that BPD traits are distributed continuously in the normal population and denote psychopathology only at the severe end.
“A dimensional, trait-based perspective suggests instead that BPD traits may be distributed continuously within the normal population and may denote psychopathology only at the severe end [15–17].”
From First evidence of a prospective relation between avoidance of internal states and borderline personality disorder features in adolescents. (2015) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Conway, C., Hammen, C., & Brennan, P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality Disorders
- Publisher
- Guilford Publications
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 793-803
- ISSN
- 0885-579X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3460547
- OpenAlex
- W2105410322
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 5.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Personality Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH 52239, R01MH052239)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (T32HG002536)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, DSM-5, latent trait models, latent class models, factor mixture models, SCID-II, maternal depression, young adults, disease classification, community sample
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Borderline Personality Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Cohort Studies, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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