The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Action Control by Implementation Intentions: Effective Cue Detection and Efficient Response Initiation
Abstract
Past research has demonstrated that implementation intentions (i.e., if–then plans) facilitate goal striving by two processes: increasing the activation of the anticipated situational cue (the if–process) and automating the goal–directed response to that cue (the then–process; Gollwitzer, 1999; Webb & Sheeran, in press). Two studies investigated the implications for the course of goal striving guided by implementation intentions. When implementation intentions achieved their effects by facilitating cue identification (the if–process), alternative cues were disregarded (Study 1). On the contrary, when implementation intentions achieved their effects by the automation of the critical response (the then–process), alternative goal–directed responses were still considered (Study 2). We discuss these results with respect to the functioning of implementation intentions and the use of alternative means in planned goal pursuit.
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Implementation intentions activate the mental representation of the situational cue specified in the if-part, enhancing attention, memory and processing of the cue.
“First, implementation intentions have been shown to activate the mental representation of the situational cue specified in the if‐part of the plan, thus enhancing attention, memory and processing of the situational cue (e.g. Achtziger et al., 2012; Janczyk et al., 2015; Parks‐Stamm et al., 2007).”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Parks‐Stamm et al., 2007
Citations
Cites
Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.493 · Cited by 5,478
Self-citationImplementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2006) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38002-1 · Cited by 3,236 · cited 2×
“Implementation intentions greatly improve the rate of goal attainment ( Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationIronic processes of mental control.
Wegner, D. M. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.101.1.34 · Cited by 2,609
Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, A., Friedman, R., Chun, W. Y., & Sleeth-Keppler, D. (2002) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(02)80008-9 · Cited by 1,386
Implementation intentions and effective goal pursuit.
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Brandstätter, V. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.186 · Cited by 1,343
Self-citationHow do implementation intentions promote goal attainment? A test of component processes
Webb, T. L., & Sheeran, P. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.02.001 · Cited by 414
Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD
Gawrilow, C., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9150-1 · Cited by 103
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sheeran, P., & Webb, T. L. (2016) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12265 · Cited by 2,185
Nonconscious processes and health.
Sheeran, P., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Bargh, J. A. (2013) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029203 · Cited by 579
Self-citationAdriaanse, M. A., Vinkers, C. D. W., De Ridder, D. T. D., Hox, J. J., & De Wit, J. B. F. (2011) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.10.012 · Cited by 455
Reflective and Automatic Processes in the Initiation and Maintenance of Dietary Change
Rothman, A. J., Sheeran, P., & Wood, W. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9118-3 · Cited by 368
Strategic automation of emotion regulation.
Gallo, I. S., Keil, A., McCulloch, K. C., Rockstroh, B., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013460 · Cited by 235
Self-citationToli, A., Webb, T. L., & Hardy, G. E. (2016) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12086 · Cited by 137
The Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation by Implementation Intentions
Hallam, G. P., Webb, T. L., Sheeran, P., Miles, E., Wilkinson, I. D., Hunter, M. D., Barker, A. T., Woodruff, P. W. R., Totterdell, P., Lindquist, K. A., et al. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119500 · Cited by 117
Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD
Gawrilow, C., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9150-1 · Cited by 103
Self-citationWang, G., Wang, Y., & Gai, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.565202 · Cited by 62
“A concrete plan would promote recognition of the planned cues but would make it more difficult to notice other available cues, and strictly rigid self-regulation strategies may hinder goal attainment (Parks-Stamm et al., 2007).”
BackgroundHoch, E., Scheiter, K., & Stalbovs, K. (2023) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12620 · Cited by 7
The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Breitwieser, J., & Reinelt, T. (2026) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.70065 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Parks–Stamm, E. J., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Venue
- Social Cognition
- Publisher
- Guilford Publications
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 248-266
- ISSN
- 0278-016X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1980540325
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 18.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Cognition (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Free Will and Agency
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Keywords
- implementation intentions, action control, goal pursuit, cue detection, response initiation, goal-directed behavior, if-then planning
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