The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 5 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Redes de movimento: Acessibilidades em uma paisagem arqueológica na Serra das Confusões, Piauí
Open accessAbstract
Uma das abordagens disponíveis na aplicação de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica em Arqueologia é a análise de caminhos de menor custo (Least Cost Paths ou LCP). Potenciais vias de acessibilidade no Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões foram modeladas, integrando sítios arqueológicos conhecidos. Conjuntos de LCP gerados com base no declive do terreno, assim como parâmetros associáveis a adaptações a regiões semiáridas e opções de natureza comportamental com potencial de influenciar a deslocação nesse território, foram testados. O uso do vale como acesso e o potencial de acessibilidade no entorno de quatro sítios arqueológicos foram analisados. Os resultados sugerem que fatores como a insolação e a (in)visibilidade podem oferecer alternativas na modelagem de padrões de movimentação na paisagem, com particular utilidade em regiões tropicais semiáridas, bem como num contexto de colonialidade.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The paper models least-cost paths in Serra das Confusões National Park, testing slope-based functions against modified cost surfaces that incorporate solar insolation and visibility. It finds that insolation and (in)visibility produce distinct movement patterns and may be useful for tropical semiarid landscapes, though actual past routes cannot be reconstructed.
Key findings
- A modified Tobler off-path function replacing the constant 0.6 with insolation values led paths to seek shade, even when longer: average path lengths were 4566, 3964, 5071, and 4484 m for Olho d’Água, Muquém, Enoque, and Capim, versus Tobler values of 3190, 3108, 3058, and 3079 m; visibility values were 3540, 3372, 3427, and 3404 m.
- In the FETE cumulative analysis from 33 points, accumulation counts were 103 for Tobler, 361 for insolation, and 130 for visibility; insolation concentrated paths along rock walls, while high-visibility paths dispersed and used the top of the escarpment, and low-visibility paths resembled the insolation pattern.
- Site accessibility concentration began at 2000 m for solar and 1000 m for visibility; the visibility trend was stronger at Muquém and Olho d’Água, while Enoque and Capim retained more options until 250 m, and complete convergence (fewer than two or three paths) occurred only very close to each site.
- The four sites shared similar accessibility profiles, with Olho d’Água described as the most distant; the authors argue the solar factor should not be discarded in LCP analyses in tropical, low-vegetation semiarid areas.
Methods
- GIS least-cost path analysis in Serra das Confusões National Park, Piauí, using cost surfaces based on slope with Tobler off-path, Herzog, and Llobera-Sluckin functions, plus modified Tobler functions incorporating insolation and visibility. Solar incidence was calculated in SAGA for 28/10/2023; visibility was calculated in QGIS with a 3 km distance and 1.6 m observer height.
- FETE analysis used 33 regularly spaced points 3 km apart for cumulative LCPs, with raster resolution reduced to 90 m because the authors lacked sufficiently powerful machines. Site accessibility used start points equidistant at 315 m and 3 km from each site, excluding start points on top of the escarpment as a geomorphological obstacle.
- Four archaeological sites were analyzed: Olho d’Água, Muquém, Enoque, and Capim. Accessibility was assessed topologically through the degree of convergence of different paths toward each site.
Limitations
- The paper states that reconstructing or identifying routes actually traveled in the past is unattainable, given unknown subsistence strategies, paleoenvironments, occupation patterns, motivations, technologies, and social precepts; current topography is only a partial reflection of past millennia, and more information on human occupation of Serra das Confusões is needed to refine models.
- The paper states that visibility modeling cannot capture personal experience, biological and collective factors, pathological conditions, or cultural definitions of what is seen and deemed relevant; the insolation approach is an alternative because no specific function for insolation in cost-surface calculation currently exists.
- The paper states that the modified function is far from resolving cultural dimensions in GIS and that the same type of study must be repeated in other locations, including places without material remains; evident from the text is the small sample of four sites in one valley and the reduced 90 m raster resolution due to computational limits.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
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Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 5 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neste último caso, a tendência é mais forte no Muquém e no Olho d'Água, o que indica maior facilidade em acessá-los de forma visível por diversos lados.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“o trajeto definido com base na insolação não é necessariamente muito mais longo que aquele definido com base no declive”
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a tendência geral é globalmente a mesma para os quatro sítios, quando comparamos, por exemplo, a curva de cada sítio em cada função.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ao contrário, Enoque e Capim continuam apresentando uma maior diversidade de opções até 250 metros.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a função modificada leva a passar por áreas que oferecem maior sombra, como forma de diminuir o efeito do calor, mesmo que aumente a distância percorrida.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cabe inicialmente observar a diferença de escala na acumulação dos caminhos calculado por Tobler, Insolação e Visibilidade (103, 361 e 130, respectivamente).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a convergência completa (inferior a dois ou três caminhos) ocorre somente em distâncias muito próximas de cada sítio.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Comparando os conjuntos de caminhos gerados para cada sítio, é possível observar que o grau de concentração é bem maior quando a superfície de custo considera um parâmetro adicional.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“eles resultam invariavelmente em distâncias maiores que a linha reta de 3000 metros.”
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Observamos uma tendência clara pela busca por locais com maior sombra, dependendo do local de partida, com a utilização deste novo índice.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 12
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As três novas camadas apresentam estratégias distintas, que resultam em padrões e em taxas de concentrações diferentes.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a função original de Tobler apresenta resultados muito próximos do traçado linear, enquanto a função modificada, com irradiação e com visibilidade, produz em distâncias muito maiores.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Os dados de irradiação solar apresentam estratégias muito concentradas em alguns poucos caminhos -principalmente devido à topografia de um vale encaixado entre duas linhas de paredões rochosos.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“os sítios apresentam um perfil de acessibilidade semelhante, do qual o mais distante é o Olho d'Água.”
- Also stated in: § CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS · hedged
“Os dados da acessibilidade de sítios arqueológicos indicam que os sítios compartilham perfis de acessibilidade parecidos.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
- Also stated in: § CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Os resultados dos caminhos calculados pela função de Tobler mostram uma concentração progressiva e regular semelhante nos quatro sítios (com uma leve diferença para o Enoque).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importa aqui lembrar que os caminhos relacionados à invisibilidade também seguem este padrão.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“o caminho apontado pelo algoritmo segue a margem sul do vale, à meia encosta.”
- Also stated in: § INTRODUÇÃO · plain
“Ali está localizada a mais próxima faixa com menores valores de irradiação solar.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
- Also stated in: § INTRODUÇÃO · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a concentração começa a 2000 metros (Irradiação solar) e a 1000 metros (Visibilidade).”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a definição do que é um obstáculo é eminentemente relativa e culturalmente determinada.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Para esta etapa, necessitamos diminuir a resolução do raster para 90 metros, em razão de não dispormos de máquinas potentes o suficiente.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“É compreensível, na medida em que a incidência de sombra oferece também maior proteção visual.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“o relevo é apenas uma variável na caracterização do custo de deslocamento e, consequentemente, na avaliação das diferentes opções disponíveis na definição do trajeto a ser seguido.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“não é possível modelar em ambiente SIG a experiência pessoal de visibilidade no território de um indivíduo de milênios atrás.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Os resultados sugerem que fatores como a insolação e a (in)visibilidade podem oferecer alternativas na modelagem de padrões de movimentação na paisagem, com particular utilidade em regiões tropicais semiáridas, bem como num contexto de colonialidade.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
In the paper
“Estes procedimentos seguem a ideia de que indivíduos, humanos ou não, procuram coletivamente limitar seu gasto energético e que, por esse motivo, tendem a preferir terrenos menos acidentados para alcançar seus destinos.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites HERZOG 2022
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Não podemos apontar para a solução que de fato foi empregada no passado -provavelmente várias o foram ao longo dos séculos.”
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Se a análise nesta área restrita da Serra das Confusões não permitiu apontar diferenças maiores entre os quatro sítios, há fortes probabilidades para que este tipo de análise possa ser repetido e ampliado em outros contextos arqueológicos onde numerosos sítios são distribuídos num mesmo espaço.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“esta superfície de custo oferece um modelo simplificado de áreas mais e menos visíveis, com base essencialmente no relevo.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“estamos considerando a acessibilidade em termos topológicos como uma função do número de caminhos diferentes dentro da rede (LLOBERA et al., 2011).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites LLOBERA et al., 2011 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Os resultados obtidos aqui representam, portanto, uma análise sobre o potencial de acessibilidade.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
The current topography can be considered, to some extent, a reflection of the last thousands of years.
“Podemos, até certo ponto, considerar a relevância da análise da topografia atual enquanto reflexo dos últimos milhares de anos”
The paper relies on this without support.
The wall represents an important geomorphological obstacle.
“o mesmo representa um obstáculo geomorfológico importante”
The paper relies on this without support.
Past populations occupying the valley knew how to pass beyond the wall and did so.
“as populações que ocupavam esse vale sabiam como passar além desse paredão e o faziam”
The paper relies on this without support.
No specific function currently exists to treat insolation in cost surface calculation.
“não existe atualmente uma função específica para tratar da insolação no cálculo da superfície de custo”
The paper relies on this without support.
Archaeological heritage may present a spatial configuration that does not necessarily reflect an archaeological reality, but current logistics and practicality.
“o patrimônio arqueológico pode apresentar uma configuração espacial que não reflete necessariamente uma realidade arqueológica, e sim questões de logística e de praticidade atuais”
Citations
Cites
Hill shading and the reflectance map
Horn, B. K. P. (1981) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/proc.1981.11918 · Cited by 1,402
Solar position algorithm for solar radiation applications
Reda, I. M., & Andreas, A. M. (2003) · Solar Energy · doi:10.1016/j.solener.2003.12.003 · Cited by 1,229
Anthropological Takes on (Im)Mobility
Salazar, N. B., & Smart, A. (2011) · Identities · doi:10.1080/1070289x.2012.683674 · Cited by 273
Assessing the level of visibility of cultural objects in past landscapes
Ogburn, D. E. (2006) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2005.08.005 · Cited by 185
On applying viewshed analysis for determining least-cost paths on Digital Elevation Models
STUCKY, J. L. D. (1998) · International Journal of Geographical Information Systems · doi:10.1080/136588198241554 · Cited by 181
White, D. A., & Barber, S. B. (2012) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.04.017 · Cited by 146
Modelling of pathways and movement networks in archaeology: an overview of current approaches
Verhagen, P., Nuninger, L., & Groenhuijzen, M. R. (2019) · Computational Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04576-0_11 · Cited by 117
Order in movement: a GIS approach to accessibility
Llobera, M., Fábrega-Álvarez, P., & Parcero-Oubiña, C. (2011) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2010.11.006 · Cited by 105
Spatial analysis based on cost functions
Herzog, I. (2020) · Archaeological Spatial Analysis · doi:10.4324/9781351243858-18 · Cited by 45
Alberti, G. (2019) · SoftwareX · doi:10.1016/j.softx.2019.100331 · Cited by 40
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Predicting rock art sites in the Pajeú watershed, Brazil
Bonald, L., Mutzenberg, D. D. S., Krempser, E., & Verhagen, P. (2024) · Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage · doi:10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00372 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Tomé, T., & Van Havre, G.
- Venue
- Tessituras: Revista De Antropologia E Arqueologia
- Publisher
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas
- Published
- 2023-12-21
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 71-89
- ISSN
- 2318-9576 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4392407812
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- pt
- Open access
- diamond
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Tessituras Revista de Antropologia e Arqueologia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeological Research and Protection
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
- Keywords
- least-cost path analysis, archaeological site, movement patterns, accessibility (transport and spatial geography), Serra das Confusões National Park, semi-arid region, coloniality, solar irradiation, visibility, landscape archaeology, archaeological GIS
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