A Role for Second Messengers in Axodendritic Neuronal Polarity
Open accessAbstract
Neuronal polarization is a complex molecular process regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Nerve cells integrate multiple extracellular cues to generate intracellular messengers that ultimately control cell morphology, metabolism, and gene expression. Therefore, second messengers' local concentration and temporal regulation are crucial elements for acquiring a polarized morphology in neurons. This review article summarizes the main findings and current understanding of how Ca 2+, IP3, cAMP, cGMP, and hydrogen peroxide control different aspects of neuronal polarization, and highlights questions that still need to be resolved to fully understand the fascinating cellular processes involved in axodendritic polarization.
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Cytosolic calcium plays a critical role in controlling axonal and dendritic growth and arborization.
“Cytosolic calcium plays a critical role in controlling axonal and dendritic growth and arborization75–79.”
From CYFIP1 governs the development of cortical axons by modulating calcium availability (2025) · cites this paper as [78]
The Calcium section states that calcium regulates neurite growth and describes effects on axonal elongation and branching. The passages do not establish a role in dendritic growth or arborization specifically, so that part of the claim is not supported by our copy. Page numbers were not provided. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Hippocampal Neuronal Polarity Specified by Spatially Localized mPar3/mPar6 and PI 3-Kinase Activity
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The sequential activity of the GTPases Rap1B and Cdc42 determines neuronal polarity.
Schwamborn, J. C., & Püschel, A. W. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1295 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Reelin, Rap1 and N-cadherin orient the migration of multipolar neurons in the developing neocortex
Jossin, Y., & Cooper, J. A. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2816 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
TGF-β Signaling Specifies Axons during Brain Development
Yi, J. J., Barnes, A. P., Hand, R., Polleux, F., & Ehlers, M. D. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.010 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
New Insights on <i>NOX</i> Enzymes in the Central Nervous System
Nayernia, Z., Jaquet, V., & Krause, K.-H. (2014) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5703 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Dishevelled promotes axon differentiation by regulating atypical protein kinase C
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CYFIP1 governs the development of cortical axons by modulating calcium availability
Ricci, C., Midroit, M. J., Caicci, F., Achsel, T., Domínguez-Iturza, N., & Bagni, C. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65801-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Urrutia, P. J., & González-Billault, C.
- Affiliations
- Universidad San Sebastián (CL)
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2023-03-22
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2037-2052
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC10039749
- OpenAlex
- W4353039752
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Universidad de Chile (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Fondecyt 1180419, FONDAP 15150012, Fondecyt Postdoctoral 3160630, Fondecyt 1220414)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- neuronal polarity, second messengers, calcium signaling, inositol trisphosphate, cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, hydrogen peroxide, dendrite formation, axon development, intracellular signaling
- MeSH terms
- Cyclic GMP, Neurons, Second Messenger Systems, Cell Polarity
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