The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 12 are not checked yet; none of the 43 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Aggrecan Directs Extracellular Matrix-Mediated Neuronal Plasticity
Open accessAbstract
In the adult brain, the extracellular matrix (ECM) influences recovery after injury, susceptibility to mental disorders, and is in general a strong regulator of neuronal plasticity. The proteoglycan aggrecan is a core component of the condensed ECM structures termed perineuronal nets (PNNs), and the specific role of PNNs on neural plasticity remains elusive. Here, we genetically targeted the Acan gene encoding for aggrecan using a novel animal model. This allowed for conditional and targeted loss of aggrecan in vivo, which ablated the PNN structure and caused a shift in the population of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons toward a high plasticity state. Selective deletion of the Acan gene in the visual cortex of male adult mice reinstated juvenile ocular dominance plasticity, which was mechanistically identical to critical period plasticity. Brain-wide targeting improved object recognition memory. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The study provides the first direct evidence of aggrecan as the main functional constituent and orchestrator of perineuronal nets (PNNs), and that loss of PNNs by aggrecan removal induces a permanent state of critical period-like plasticity. Loss of aggrecan ablates the PNN structure, resulting in invoked juvenile plasticity in the visual cortex and enhanced object recognition memory.
Checked 2026-10-06 · 12 references not checked yet
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Using a conditional Acan knockout mouse, this study shows that aggrecan is required for perineuronal net (PNN) assembly and that removing it in adult visual cortex reinstates juvenile-like ocular dominance plasticity and improves object recognition memory. It identifies aggrecan as a main functional constituent and orchestrator of PNNs.
Key findings
- Brain-wide conditional deletion of Acan (Acan-loxP +/+ CreNes) caused complete loss of WFA-labeled PNNs and prevented aggregation of other PNN components; heterozygous Acan-loxP +/-CreNes mice had anatomically normal PNNs but reduced WFA staining intensity (WFA ANOVA p=0.000244; Tukey heterozygous vs targeted p=0.0001934).
- Both heterozygous and homozygous Acan knockout mice showed a shift toward lower parvalbumin (PV) expression in cortical PV+ interneurons compared with WT and Acan-loxP +/+ controls (>150 PV+ cells per group; ANOVA p<2e-16), suggesting a high-plasticity network state.
- Local AAV9.Cre injection into adult V1 abolished aggrecan and WFA labeling by 8 weeks (WFA intensity lower in injected vs contralateral hemisphere, p=0.0006, paired t-test, n=6 mice). Four days of monocular deprivation produced a significant ocular dominance shift in AAV9.Cre-injected Acan-loxP +/+ mice (p=0.003, n=7), with increased ipsilateral responses (p=0.02) and reduced contralateral responses (p=0.009), while no effect was seen in non-injected Acan-loxP +/+ mice (p=0.21, n=4) or AAV9.Cre-injected Acan-loxP +/- mice (p=0.32, n=3).
- In spontaneous object recognition, Acan-loxP +/+ CreNes mice retained memory at 24 hours, whereas WT, Acan-loxP +/+, and Acan-loxP +/-CreNes groups showed significant decline from 3-hour to 24-hour delays (WT p=0.02547; homozygous Acan-loxP +/+ p=0.001154; heterozygous Acan-loxP +/-CreNes p=0.01658; Acan-loxP +/+ CreNes p=0.3768).
Methods
- A conditional Acan-loxP mouse was generated from EUCOMM tm1a embryonic stem cells, converted to the tm1c allele, and crossed with Nestin-CRE for brain-wide deletion; local adult deletion used AAV9.hSyn.HI.eGFP-Cre injection into primary visual cortex.
- Histology and biochemistry included WFA and aggrecan staining, immunohistochemistry for PNN components and PV, Western blotting, and qPCR; plasticity was assessed by optical imaging of intrinsic signals before and after 4-day monocular deprivation, and memory by spontaneous object recognition at 3-hour and 24-hour delays.
- Experiments used male mice: histology at 3–4 months (n=3 per group), ocular dominance testing at 5–7 months (n=4, 3, and 7 across groups), and object recognition at ~3 months (>7 per group). Statistical analysis used R or GraphPad Prism with Shapiro-Wilk/F tests, Welch’s or paired t-tests, and ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests.
Limitations
- The paper does not include a dedicated limitations section; it states prior technical limitations such as off-target effects of chondroitinase ABC and embryonic lethality of Acan mutation, which motivated the new model.
- Evident from the text: all reported experiments used male mice only, ocular dominance groups were small (n=3–7), and memory was assessed only with spontaneous object recognition.
- Heterozygous Acan-loxP +/-CreNes mice showed reduced PNN intensity and altered PV expression but no detected behavioral alterations, indicating that some PNN/PV changes did not translate into the tested memory phenotype.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
30 Own result · 28 Not checked yet · 21 Own interpretation · 5 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ablation of aggrecan was verified by immunohistochemistry and western blotting (Fig. 1c, d)”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“although the intensity of the WFA staining was reduced in the heterozygote (Fig. 2b-e).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The WFA histochemical signal specifically and quantitatively reflects the presence of PNNs.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Targeting aggrecan in the brain of Acan-loxP +/+ CreNes mice was accompanied by complete loss of histochemical staining of PNNs in the cortex using the PNN marker Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) (Fig. 1b).”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“Loss of aggrecan ablates the PNN structure”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The WFA histochemical signal specifically and quantitatively reflects the presence of PNNs.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and reduced Acan mRNA in the brain (Fig. 1e).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, loss of aggrecan disrupted aggregation of the other PNN components (Fig. 3e)”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The WFA histochemical signal specifically and quantitatively reflects the presence of PNNs.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our data also show that populations of PV+ interneurons in both homozygous and heterozygous Acan-loxP +/+ -CreNes mice are shifted to a state where they express less PV (Fig. 2).”
- Also stated in: § REFERENCES: · hedged
“Categorization of individual cells based on mean PV intensity indicated a shift towards a low PV network configuration in the Acan-loxP +/-Cre and Acan-loxP +/+ Cre groups compared to controls.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § REFERENCES: · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Removal of aggrecan abolishes aggregation of PNNs, and essentially also incorporation of other ECM components into the structure (Fig 1 and 3).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > DISCUSSION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After 8 weeks all PNNs in the injected area in V1 were abolished.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > REFERENCES:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“alterations in their behavior were not detected.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Categorization of individual cells based on mean PV intensity indicated a shift towards a low PV network configuration in the Acan-loxP +/-Cre and Acan-loxP +/+ Cre groups compared to controls.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > REFERENCES:
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- Probably not a substantial claim. 14
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, the non-targeted Acan-loxP +/+ mice with two intact alleles expressing Acan, and the targeted heterozygous Acan-loxP +/-CreNes mice having one intact allele, both had anatomically normal PNNs (Fig. 1b, f)”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The WFA histochemical signal specifically and quantitatively reflects the presence of PNNs.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The loss of aggrecan prevented aggregation of other PNN component ECM molecules into PNNs, effectively abolishing PNNs in the adult cortex (Fig. 1f, representative example from > 50 images per PNN component.Fig. 2a, overview of sampling).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The WFA histochemical signal specifically and quantitatively reflects the presence of PNNs.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although heterozygous Acan-loxP +/-CreNes have reduced PNNs intensity and altered PV expression”
- Also stated in: § REFERENCES: · plain
“Both Acan-loxP +/-Cre and Acan-loxP +/+ Cre groups displayed a significant reduction in average mean intensity per PV+ cell compared to WT and Acan-loxP +/+ controls.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § REFERENCES: · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Instead, the shift in OD was driven both by a potentiation of ipsilateral responses and a reduction in contralateral responses”
- Also stated in: § REFERENCES: · plain
“The MD in AAV9.Cre injected Acan-loxP +/+ caused both increased responses to ipsilateral stimulation (p=0.02,paired t-test, n=7 mice) and reduced responses to contralateral stimulation (p=0.009,paired-test, n=7 mice)”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
plaindirectn = 7 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § REFERENCES: · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while no effect was observed in AAV9.Cre injected Acan-loxP +/-mice or non-injected Acan-loxP +/+ mice (Fig. 4c).”
- Also stated in: § REFERENCES: · plain
“Four days of MD did not affect ocular dominance in non-injected Acan-loxP +/+ mice (p=0.21,paired t-test, n=4 mice) or in heterozygous AAV9.Cre injected Acan-loxP +/-mice (p=0.32,paired t-test, n=3 mice).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
plainn = 4- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § REFERENCES: · plain
In the paper
“Closure of the CPs and concomitant loss of juvenile plasticity coincide with maturation of inhibitory circuits (Hensch, 2004) and condensation of extracellular matrix around subtypes of neurons.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hensch, 2004
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, the identity of the CSPG responsible for these effects has not been determined.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pizzorusso et al., 2002
- Not checked yetcites Carulli et al., 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Remarkably, enzymatically degrading the CS glycosaminoglycan (GAG) component (Pizzorusso et al., 2002) or ablating the cross-linking cartilage link protein 1 (Crtl1) (Carulli et al., 2010) restores juvenile plasticity in the adult animal and affects memory and learning, as revealed by behavioral tasks such as fear memory extinction (Gogolla et al., 2009) and spontaneous object recognition (Romberg”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pizzorusso et al., 2002
- Not checked yetcites Carulli et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Gogolla et al., 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The proteoglycan aggrecan is a core component of the condensed ECM structures termed perineuronal nets (PNNs)”
- Also stated in: § INTRODUCTION · plain
“Here we investigate the role of the CSPG aggrecan, a major constituent of PNNs, encoded by Acan (Matthews et al., 2002).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Matthews et al., 2002
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § INTRODUCTION · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In the adult brain, the extracellular matrix (ECM) influences recovery after injury, susceptibility to mental disorders, and is in general a strong regulator of neuronal plasticity.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pizzorusso et al., 2002
- Not checked yetcites Carulli et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Gogolla et al., 2009
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The increased plasticity after PNN removal could also be a direct consequence of neuronal activity changes in PV + cells.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the specific role of PNNs on neural plasticity remains elusive.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pizzorusso et al., 2002
- Not checked yetcites Carulli et al., 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maze and all objects were wiped down with 70% EtOH in between each testing session in order to avoid any olfactory bias that could have been introduced during the previous testing session.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > Brain-wide and developmental Cre-lox recombination by Nestin-CRE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Recently, parvalbumin (PV) expression on GABAergic interneurons has been shown to be influenced by PNNs in the hippocampus (Yamada et al., 2015)”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yamada et al., 2015
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three globular domains; G1, G2 and G3 interact with several matrix molecules aiding cross-linking, which could explain the failure of other components to aggregate in its absence.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Perineuronal net structure is based on tight cross-linking of matrix proteins, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid polysaccharides forming a condensed compact matrix, and on negatively charged sulfation patterns allowing specific interactions with positively charged domains in PNN interacting proteins.
In the paper
“Animals were tested after three and 24 hour delays, at which times ChABC-treated and Crtl1 knockout animals show enhanced memory retention (Romberg et al., 2013).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Romberg et al., 2013
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The timeframe of this shift is faster than what has been observed in CP aged mice (Sato and Stryker, 2008), but is in line with previous work on adult mice with induced plasticity (Fu et al., 2015).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sato and Stryker, 2008
- Not checked yetcites Fu et al., 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several interventions affecting PNNs have effects on learning and memory (Gogolla et al., 2009;Carulli et al., 2010;Romberg et al., 2013).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gogolla et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Carulli et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Romberg et al., 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Others have suggested that the level of PV in PV+ interneurons determine if the network is in a state of high or low plasticity (Donato et al., 2013)”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Donato et al., 2013
hedgeddirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The presentation of the object pairs and their appearance in either the left or right sample arm were counterbalanced so that a particular object in a set or a particular side might be novel for one animal and not for another to avoid unforeseen bias.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > Brain-wide and developmental Cre-lox recombination by Nestin-CRE
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“and the differentiation state and activity of PV+ interneurons relate to learning and memory formation (Donato et al., 2013).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Donato et al., 2013
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To reduce variance in antibody binding all groups used for quantification were histologically stained in batches using the same conditions and antibody solutions.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > Brain-wide and developmental Cre-lox recombination by Nestin-CRE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Indeed, the ratio of 4-and 6-sulfated CS influences neuronal plasticity (Miyata et al., 2012).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Miyata et al., 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The tracer injections were intentionally targeted to a more medial part of V1 to prevent leakage into the neighboring V2L region.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > Brain-wide and developmental Cre-lox recombination by Nestin-CRE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A shift in the distribution of WFA histochemical labeling intensity has been suggested to correlate with the degree of neuronal plasticity in learning and memory (Balmer et al., 2009).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Balmer et al., 2009
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our data suggest that aggrecan plays a key role for the PNN structure, possibly through the large number of glycan chains that it carries, but clearly by affecting formation.”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > DISCUSSION
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Perineuronal net structure is based on tight cross-linking of matrix proteins, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid polysaccharides forming a condensed compact matrix, and on negatively charged sulfation patterns allowing specific interactions with positively charged domains in PNN interacting proteins.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Longer lasting sensory deprivation has been shown to induce some OD plasticity also in adult mice, but the mechanism differs from juvenile plasticity (Sawtell et al., 2003;Ranson et al., 2012).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sawtell et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Ranson et al., 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Recently, aggrecan and PNNs have been implied in various psychiatric disorders (Pantazopoulos et al., 2015), and in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (Suttkus et al., 2016).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pantazopoulos et al., 2015
- Not checked yetcites Suttkus et al., 2016
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The WFA histochemical signal specifically and quantitatively reflects the presence of PNNs.
“using the PNN marker Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA)”
“PNNs detected by WFA were absent in the brain.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The mouse visual cortex is a valid model for studying critical period plasticity.
“Selective deletion of the Acan gene in the visual cortex of male adult mice reinstated juvenile ocular dominance plasticity”
The paper relies on this without support.
The role of aggrecan, the backbone of perineuronal nets, in plasticity regulation remains to be investigated, and a full picture of plasticity regulation is lacking.
“Although several PNN CSPGs have been linked to plasticity regulation, the role of aggrecan, the backbone of PNN remains to be investigated, and a full picture of plasticity regulation is lacking.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Aggrecan-containing perineuronal nets play an essential role in regulation of brain plasticity.
“It has been suggested that aggrecan-containing PNNs play an essential role in regulation of brain plasticity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Condensation of perineuronal nets in sensory cortices correlates with closure of periods of heightened neuronal plasticity in sensory systems.
“Condensation of PNNs in sensory cortices correlates with closure of periods of heightened neuronal plasticity in sensory systems.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Monocular deprivation in adults normally affects only responses to ipsilateral eye stimulation.
“While monocular deprivation in adults normally effects only responses to ipsilateral eye stimulation”
The paper relies on this without support.
Decreased parvalbumin expression and synapses are associated with hippocampal learning, while fear conditioning leads to a high-parvalbumin state.
“Decreased PV expression and synapses are associated with hippocampal learning, while fear conditioning leads to a high-PV state.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Parvalbumin-positive neuron-controlled shifts in network state are an integrated mechanism of learning and memory acquisition.
“PV+ neuron-controlled shifts in network state are suggested as an integrated mechanism of learning and memory acquisition.”
The paper relies on this without support.
ChABC treatment to degrade perineuronal nets shifted the network to a low-parvalbumin state, indicating that the glycans on CSPGs are a key component in controlling parvalbumin interneuron influence on network state.
“ChABC treatment to degrade PNNs shifted the network to a low-PV state, indicating that the glycans on CSPGs are a key component in controlling PV interneuron influence on network state.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Mounting evidence from other brain structures supports a broader role for perineuronal nets where they affect behavior, memory and learning processes.
“Mounting evidence from other brain structures supports a broader role for PNNs where they affect behavior, memory and learning processes.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Perineuronal net structure is based on tight cross-linking of matrix proteins, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid polysaccharides forming a condensed compact matrix, and on negatively charged sulfation patterns allowing specific interactions with positively charged domains in PNN interacting proteins.
“These mechanisms are based on the distinctive PNN structure; the tight cross-linking structures of matrix proteins, CS and hyaluronic acid polysaccharides forming a condensed compact matrix surrounding the cell soma and proximal dendrites, and the ability of the negatively charged sulfation patterns of the CS to allow specific interactions with positively charged domains in PNN interacting”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In line with this, digestion of CSPGs in the primary visual cortex in rats or deletion of aggrecan in mice decreases inhibitory activity, causing the network to revert to an immature juvenile state and an increased level of activity-dependent plasticity [47, 69].”
From The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory (2022) · cites this paper as [69]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Similarly, disaggregation of PNNs by genetic deletion of aggrecan shifts the population of PV inhibitory interneurons toward a juvenile-like plasticity state, accompanied by increased performance in the SOR memory task [69].”
From The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory (2022) · cites this paper as [69]
In the citing paper
“enhanced plasticity and learning is observed following experimental PNN ablation [23, 24]”
From Microglia facilitate loss of perineuronal nets in the Alzheimer's disease brain (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Finally, disease-related effects on PNNs were validated at 12mo by staining for aggrecan, a core PNN CSPG [24], which confirmed the morphological abnormalities as well as the loss of 5xFAD subiculum and cortical PNNs at this timepoint (p<0.001, p<0.05; Fig. S2D-F).”
From Microglia facilitate loss of perineuronal nets in the Alzheimer's disease brain (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
“In this paradigm, depicted in figure 5a, animals (> 7 per group) identify novel from familiar objects (choice phase) following a delay from familiar object presentation (sample phase).”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
“There were 7, 9 (which of one was singly housed), 10 and 7 male animals of ~3 months of age originating same line of breeding in each of the 4 experimental groups; WT, Acan-loxP (+/+) , Acan-loxP (+/-) Cre, and Acan-loxP (+/+) Cre.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > RESULTS
“AAV9.hSyn.HI.eGFP.WPRE.SV40 (AAV9.Cre) carrying Cre recombinase”
§ Aggrecan directs extracellular matrix mediated neuronal plasticity > Brain-wide and developmental Cre-lox recombination by Nestin-CRE
“AAV9.hSyn.HI.eGFP-Cre.WPRE.SV40 (Catalog number AV-9-PV1848)”
Citations
Cites
Disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in the nervous system results in reduced anxiety
Tronche, F., Kellendonk, C., Kretz, O., Gass, P., Anlag, K., Orban, P. C., Bock, R., Klein, R., & Schütz, G. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/12703 · Cited by 1,841
A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function
Skarnes, W. C., Rosen, B., West, A. P., Koutsourakis, M., Bushell, W., Iyer, V., Mujica, A. O., Thomas, M., Harrow, J., Cox, T., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10163 · Cited by 1,708
Reactivation of Ocular Dominance Plasticity in the Adult Visual Cortex
Pizzorusso, T., Medini, P., Berardi, N., Chierzi, S., Fawcett, J. W., & Maffei, L. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072699 · Cited by 1,679
Self-citationHensch, T. K. (2004) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144327 · Cited by 1,300
EBImage—an R package for image processing with applications to cellular phenotypes
Pau, G., Fuchs, F., Sklyar, O., Boutros, M., & Huber, W. K. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq046 · Cited by 799
Perineuronal Nets Protect Fear Memories from Erasure
Gogolla, N., Caroni, P., Lüthi, A., & Herry, C. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1174146 · Cited by 760
Parvalbumin-expressing basket-cell network plasticity induced by experience regulates adult learning
Donato, F., Rompani, S. B., & Caroni, P. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12866 · Cited by 703
New Paradigm for Optical Imaging
Kalatsky, V. A., & Stryker, M. P. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00286-1 · Cited by 571
Brain extracellular matrix affects AMPA receptor lateral mobility and short-term synaptic plasticity
Frischknecht, R., Heine, M., Perrais, D., Seidenbecher, C. I., Choquet, D., & Gundelfinger, E. D. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2338 · Cited by 554
Animals lacking link protein have attenuated perineuronal nets and persistent plasticity
Carulli, D., Pizzorusso, T., Kwok, J. C. F., Putignano, E., Poli, A., Forostyak, S., Andrews, M. R., Deepa, S. S., Glant, T. T., & Fawcett, J. W. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq145 · Cited by 495
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 204
The Role of Tenascin-C in Neuroinflammation and Neuroplasticity
Jin, Y., Bao, S.-W., Huang, M.-X., Gao, Y., Lu, H.-J., & Wu, X. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262010174 · Cited by 11
Yang, Y., Ren, Y., Liu, C., Hao, S., Xu, X., Jin, X., Jiang, Y., & Shao, Z. (2022) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-022-06537-z · Cited by 11
Age-related inflammatory changes and perineuronal net dynamics: implications for aging
Colon, Z. A., Chan, S. C., & Maguire‐Zeiss, K. A. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03568-3 · Cited by 13
Quraishe, S., Newman, T. A., & Anderson, L. A. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24537 · Cited by 10
Kaplelach, A. K., Murchison, C., Kojima, K., Mobley, J. A., & Arrant, A. E. (2024) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.14359 · Cited by 9
Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Cong, P., Wu, Q., Wan, H., Huang, X., Li, X., Li, Z., Li, J., Wu, H., et al. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-024-05530-7 · Cited by 9
Perineuronal nets in the developing brain: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders
Ackerman, J. M., Ford, T. J. L., Kattewar, S. S., & Kim, W.-Y. (2025) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-025-01261-3 · Cited by 10
Wingert, J. C., Anguiano, J. N., Ramos, J. D., Blacktop, J. M., Gonzalez, A. E., Churchill, L., & Sorg, B. A. (2023) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13334 · Cited by 9
Patel, D. C., Swift, N. A., Tewari, B. P., Browning, J. L., Prim, C. E., Chaunsali, L., Kimbrough, I. F., Olsen, M. L., & Sontheimer, H. W. (2023) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awad430 · Cited by 10
Egorova, D., Kerever, A., Inada, M., Itoh, Y., Arikawa‐Hirasawa, E., & Miyata, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-94224-6 · Cited by 11
Carneiro, R. D. S., da Costa, M. H. D. A., SANTOS, J. Z. L. V., Mendes, A. N., Uchôa, V. T., & LOPES, L. D. S. (2025) · Biocell · doi:10.32604/biocell.2024.058405 · Cited by 8
Orchestrating the Matrix: The Role of Glial Cells and Systemic Signals in Perineuronal Net Dynamics
Totaro, V., Pizzorusso, T., & Tognini, P. (2025) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-025-04506-8 · Cited by 9
Antón‐Fernández, A., Cuadros, R., Peinado-Cahuchola, R., Hernández, F., & Ávila, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57095-x · Cited by 8
Expeditious Synthesis of a Glycopeptide Library
Amiel, D. B. A., & Hurevich, M. (2022) · European Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ejoc.202200623 · Cited by 7
Papon, M.-A., Feuvre, Y. L., Barreda‐Gómez, G., Favereaux, A., Farrugia, F., Bouali‐Benazzouz, R., Nagy, F., Rodríguez‐Puertas, R., & Landry, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00214 · Cited by 8
O'Dell, D. E., Schreurs, B. G., Smith-Bell, C., & Wang, D. (2021) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107358 · Cited by 8
Thoracic Spinal Cord Contusion Impacts on Lumbar Enlargement: Molecular Insights
Kabdesh, I. M., Tutova, O. N., Akhmetzyanova, E. R., Timofeeva, A. V., Bilalova, A., Mukhamedshina, Y. O., & Chelyshev, Y. A. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-04794-9 · Cited by 10
Otsuka, M. Y., Essel, L. B., Sinha, A., Nickerson, G., Mejia, S. M., Edge, A., Matthews, R. T., & Bouyain, S. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108525 · Cited by 7
Xiao, J., Huang, J., & Yolken, R. H. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100728 · Cited by 7
Barahona, R. A., Kwang, N. E., Kono‐Soosaipillai, A. R., Salgado, G. R., Tran, K. M., Lu, Y.-H., Reddy, S., da Cunha, C., Velazquez-Rivera, E., Crapser, J. D., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116064 · Cited by 10
Sakata, J. T., Alonge, K. M., Diethorn, E. J., Krishnan, K., Milman, N., Ramsaran, A. I., Wan, X., & Sorg, B. A. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1367-25.2025 · Cited by 8
Extracellular matrix remodelling in neurological diseases
Kwok, J. C. F., & Dityatev, A. E. (2026) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01209-8 · Cited by 9
FMRP regulation of aggrecan mRNA translation controls perineuronal net development
Spijker, H. M. V. ‘., & Richter, J. D. (2024) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.16048 · Cited by 5
Perineuronal Net Microscopy: From Brain Pathology to Artificial Intelligence
Paveliev, M., Egorchev, A. A., Musin, F., Lipachev, N., Melnikova, A., Gimadutdinov, R. M., Kashipov, A., Molotkov, D., Chickrin, D. E., & Aganov, A. V. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25084227 · Cited by 8
Wang, X., Li, K., Guo, L., Liu, X., Guo, Y., & Zhang, W. (2025) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.66.4.45 · Cited by 7
Perineuronal Nets: From Structure to Neurological Disorders
Li, X., Li, N., Zhao, P., Ren, D., Luo, B., & Zhou, T. G. (2023) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0109298673258290231009111633 · Cited by 6
Perineuronal nets: Cruise from a honeycomb to the safety nets
John, U., Patro, N., & Patro, I. K. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.004 · Cited by 6
Godoy, M. I., Pandey, V., Wohlschlegel, J. A., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.22.604699 · Cited by 6
Strokotova, A. V., Sokolov, D., Molodykh, O. P., Владимировна, К. Е., Kliver, E. E., Ushakov, V., Politko, M. O., Mikhnevich, N., Kazanskaya, G. M., Aidagulova, S. V., et al. (2023) · Biomedical Reports · doi:10.3892/br.2023.1695 · Cited by 5
The Arp2/3 complex is required for in situ haptotactic response of microglia to iC3b
Paulson, S. G., Swafford, I., Lischka, F. W., & Rotty, J. D. (2026) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/s44319-026-00720-9 · Cited by 5
Doody, N. E., Smith, N. J., Akam, E. C., Askew, G. N., Kwok, J. C. F., & Ichiyama, R. M. (2024) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00422.2023 · Cited by 5
Contactin-1 is a critical neuronal cell surface receptor for perineuronal net structure
Sinha, A., Nickerson, G. A., Bouyain, S., & Matthews, R. T. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108504 · Cited by 5
Melrose, J. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00268.2025 · Cited by 5
Towner, T. T., Coleman, H. J., Goyden, M. A., Vore, A. S., Papastrat, K. M., Varlinskaya, E. I., & Werner, D. F. (2024) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110195 · Cited by 6
Component-specific reduction in perineuronal nets in senescence-accelerated mouse strains
Ueno, H., Takahashi, Y., Murakami, S., Wani, K., Miyazaki, T., Matsumoto, Y., Okamoto, M., & Ishihara, T. (2023) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.002 · Cited by 5
Characterization of Proteoglycanomes by Mass Spectrometry
Koch, C. D., & Apte, S. (2020) · Biology of extracellular matrix · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58330-9_4 · Cited by 5
An in vitro neuronal model replicating the in vivo maturation and heterogeneity of perineuronal netsPreprint
Dickens, S., Goodenough, A., & Kwok, J. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.01.22.477344 · Cited by 5
Kim, S. Y., Jeon, J. C., Park, B., & Kim, D. E. (2025) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138147 · Cited by 4
Singh, J. B., Perelló‐Amorós, B., Schneeberg, J., Mirzapourdelavar, H., Seidenbecher, C. I., Fejtová, A., Dityatev, A. E., & Frischknecht, R. (2025) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/s44319-025-00644-w · Cited by 8
Astrocyte glucocorticoid receptor signalling restricts neuronal plasticity
Gegenhuber, B., Sonoda, T., Traunmüller, L., Davis, C. P., Koren, S. A., Griffith, E. C., Chen, C., & Greenberg, M. E. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10512-9 · Cited by 5
Perineuronal nets’ role in metabolism
Zhang, N., Song, B., Bai, P., Du, L. Q., Chen, L., Xu, Y., & Zeng, T. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00154.2024 · Cited by 5
Lyle, T. T., & Verpeut, J. L. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2182-23.2024 · Cited by 5
Yang, S., Gigout, S., Molinaro, A., Naito-Matsui, Y., Hilton, S., Foscarin, S., Nieuwenhuis, B., Verhaagen, J., Pizzorusso, T., Saksida, L. M., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.03.894188 · Cited by 4
Self-citationIrvine, S. F., Gigout, S., Štěpánková, K., Martínez-Varea, N., Urdzíková, L. M., Jendelová, P., & Kwok, J. C. F. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525137 · Cited by 4
Wéber, I., Dakos, A., Mészár, Z., Matesz, C., & Birinyi, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2024.1369103 · Cited by 3
Malone, C. L., Li, J., Luebke, E. M., Carreras-Simons, L., Treis, W. W., Hammond, E. R., Monari, P. K., & Marler, C. A. (2025) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-025-00741-4 · Cited by 4
Melrose, J. (2025) · JOR Spine · doi:10.1002/jsp2.70145 · Cited by 4
Perineuronal Nets: Old Structures, New Functions
Tewari, B. P., Chaunsali, L., & Sontheimer, H. W. (2026) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584261421180 · Cited by 3
Fingolimod increases parvalbumin-positive neurons in adult mice
Ueno, H., Takahashi, Y., Murakami, S., Wani, K., Matsumoto, Y., Okamoto, M., & Ishihara, T. (2022) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.06.005 · Cited by 3
Li, Q., Ouyang, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Zhu, X., & Tang, Z. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04277-3 · Cited by 3
Eisele, B. S., Wu, A. J., Luka, Z., Hale, A. T., & York, J. D. (2021) · Advances in Biological Regulation · doi:10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100858 · Cited by 3
Perineuronal net receptor PTPσ regulates retention of memoriesPreprint
Lesnikova, A., Casarotto, P. C., Biojone, C., & Ċastrén, E. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.02.26.433000 · Cited by 3
Grødem, S., Thompson, E. H., Røe, M. B., Vatne, G. H., Nymoen, I., Buccino, A. P., Madland, T., Hafting, T., Fyhn, M., & Lensjø, K. K. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.03.20.585910 · Cited by 3
Self-citationCpeb1 remodels cell type–specific translational program to promote fear extinction
Zhang, J., Yang, C., Liu, Z., Wu, S., Li, Z.-G., Zhang, L. Y., Fan, H.-W., Guo, Z., Man, H., Li, X., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr8687 · Cited by 2
Han, M. D., Fu, P., Zhang, C., Duan, J.-W., Wu, T., & Zeng, Y. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.112952 · Cited by 2
Genetic Mechanisms of Experience-Dependent Neuronal Plasticity
West, A. E. (2025) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-020325-103824 · Cited by 4
Epihova, G., Epihov, D. Z., Akarca, D., & Astle, D. E. (2026) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0832-25.2025 · Cited by 2
Huang, Y.-F., Liu, C., Liu, Z., Zhuang, X., Chen, J.-H., Zhang, Z.-N., Shen, C., & Hu, Y. (2026) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awag058 · Cited by 3
Perineuronal nets in motor circuitry regulate the performance of learned vocalizations in songbirds
Wan, X., Wang, A. S., Storch, D.-S., Li, V. Y., & Sakata, J. T. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-07520-2 · Cited by 2
Astrocytic Regulation of Aberrant Perineuronal Net Formation in Mecp2 ‐Null Neocortex
Sinha, A., Kowalchuk, A. M., Khatibi, N., Matthews, R. T., & MacDonald, J. L. (2026) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70503 · Cited by 5
Dopamine modulates the integrity of the perisynaptic extracellular matrix at excitatory synapsesPreprint
Mitlöhner, J., Kaushik, R., Niekisch, H., Blondiaux, A., Gee, C. E., Happel, M. F. K., Gundelfinger, E. D., Dityatev, A. E., Frischknecht, R., & Seidenbecher, C. I. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/722454 · Cited by 2
Neural Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Signatures in Genetic and Acquired Mouse Models of EpilepsyPreprint
Blondiaux, A., Jia, S., Annamneedi, A., Çalışkan, G., Schulze, J., Montenegro‐Venegas, C., Wykes, R. C., Fejtová, A., Walker, M. C., Stork, O., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.19.537468 · Cited by 2
Nakayama, K., Mubuchi, A., & Miyata, S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.29.656756 · Cited by 2
Yue, L., Craig, M. T., & Morris, B. J. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05369-4 · Cited by 2
Angues, R. V., Okot, C., Zientek, K. D., Wilmarth, P. A., Reddy, A. P., Odong, A. L. B., Palmer, V. S., Abwola, L. K., Ogal, E., Okello, G., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2026.1717920 · Cited by 1
Huang, L., Hardyman, F., Edwards, M., & Galliano, E. (2024) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0435-23.2023 · Cited by 4
Patel, D. C., Swift, N. A., Tewari, B. P., Browning, J. L., Prim, C. E., Chaunsali, L., Kimbrough, I. F., Olsen, M. L., & Sontheimer, H. W. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.16.541066 · Cited by 1
Huang, L., Hardyman, F., Edwards, M., & Galliano, E. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.04.556170 · Cited by 1
Baidoe‐Ansah, D., Mirzapourdelavar, H., Aleshin, S. E., Schott, B. H., Seidenbecher, C. I., Kaushik, R., & Dityatev, A. E. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.26.577401 · Cited by 1
Colon, Z. A., Chan, S. C., & Maguire‐Zeiss, K. A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.10.675190 · Cited by 1
Cisneros-Franco, J. M., Thomas, M. E., Regragui, I., Lane, C. P., Ouellet, L., & de Villers‐Sidani, E. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.13.905257
Yang, Y., Ren, Y.-X., Hao, S., Xu, X., Jin, X., Jiang, Y., & Shao, Z. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-389386/v1
Perineuronal nets in memory processing and behavior
Thompson, E. H. (2020) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix during Brain Development and Aging
Miyata, S. (2021) · Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology · doi:10.4052/tigg.2003.1e
Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix during Brain Development and Aging
Miyata, S. (2021) · Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology · doi:10.4052/tigg.2003.1j
Wéber, I., Dakos, A., Mészár, Z., Matesz, C., & Birinyi, A. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3184150/v1
Perineuronal nets are not required to close the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity.
Crouse, E. C. (2023) · ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository (University of Louisville) · doi:10.18297/etd/4071
Activity-dependent extracellular proteolytic cascade remodels ECM to promote structural plasticityPreprint
Singh, J. B., Perelló‐Amorós, B., Schneeberg, J., Seidenbecher, C. I., Fejtová, A., Dityatev, A. E., & Frischknecht, R. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620597
Zhang, H., Cicvaric, A., Bassett, T. E., Wood, E. M., Petrovic, Z., & Radulović, J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00066-3
A missense variant in the SOX5 gene (c.221C > T) is associated with intellectual disability
Yang, X., Gan, Z., Guo, X., Huang, X., Liu, J., Zheng, Y., Zhou, X., Lian, J., Liu, Y., Yang, T., et al. (2025) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-025-03548-z
Berrouschot, V., Sonntag, M., Reimann, K., Jäger, C., Martin, S., Holzer, M., Stieler, J., & Morawski, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-14942-9
Hummel, K., Stefansson, L., Gilbert, K. F., Amontree, M., Ma, J., Pak, D. T. S., & Conant, K. E. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.675856
Doody, N. E., Stevens, B., Smith, N. J., Lall, V. K., Boxall, S., Hughes, R., Akam, E. C., Askew, G. N., Kwok, J. C. F., & Ichiyama, R. M. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.14.688432
Microglia: Key Players in Perineuronal Net Dynamics
Garmendia-Berges, M., & Puerta, E. (2025) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1012413 · Cited by 1
Lépine, M., Douceau, S., Devienne, G. F., Prunotto, P., Lenoir, S., Regnauld, C., Pouettre, E., Piquet, J., Lebouvier, L., Hommet, Y., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21285731
Hummel, K., Shautidze, G., Thorland, E., Amontree, M., Wonnenberg, P. M., Blanco, I., & Conant, K. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.12.693967
Chondroitin 4-sulphate depletion enhances synaptic plasticity and memory in agingPreprint
Burianova, J. S., Svoboda, J., Růžička, J., Štěpánková, K., Klausová, T., Gmiterková, L., Spundova, T., Martínez-Varea, N., Králíková, M., Tureček, R., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.702127
Self-citationGrødem, S., Vatne, G. H., Lensjø, K. K., Beshkov, K., Lønø, M., Hafting, T., & Fyhn, M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.31.715401
Self-citationEtude du rôle du Syndécan à la jonction neuromusculaire de Caenorhabditis elegans
Vachon, C. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/4f34af1dzeed7z426dzbab2zb1e21a201491
Douceau, S. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/6f1007f2z8468z4365zb07dz7d863bf32cd5
Modalités du guidage axonal dans le contexte de la régénération du système nerveux central adulte
Vilallongue, N. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e26b4866z650az4853zaa08zb50b4b586b95
Rôle des astrocytes dans la période critique de la plasticité visuelle
Breton, R. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9140a00az6c88z4fb6zaabfz9eb16e7593ca
Molecular mechanisms underlying the surface organization of the NMDA receptors during development
Bénac, N. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e3508a2ezb62ez4f99zb27bz156201271974
4-methylumbelliferone attenuates amyloid pathology and learning deficits in the APP/PS1 mouse model
Amontree, M., O’Leary, J., Wonnenberg, P. M., Nelson, M., & Conant, K. E. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.64898/2026.05.21.726929
Cramer, T. L. M., Hannan, S. B., Petre, L., Bear, M. F., Hensch, T. K., & Tyagarajan, S. K. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03672-7
Dejeux, M. I. H., Jewanee, S., Moutos, S., Trehan, A., Golbarani, M., Kwak, J., Farach, E., Cheng, N., Kasaram, S. V., Ogden, A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1821692
Cauzzi, E., Ficchì, S., Paolis, M. L. D., Saba, L., Montanari, M., Loffredo, G., Barbera, L. L., Krashia, P., Nobili, A., & D’Amelio, M. (2026) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2026.107527
Yao, J., Wu, X.-Y., Guo, Z.-R., Wang, X., Liu, X.-X., Li, J., Yang, J.-J., Tang, W., Cui, Y., Li, F., et al. (2026) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2026.111145
Metadata
- Authors
- Rowlands, D., Lensjø, K. K., Dinh, T., Yang, S., Andrews, M. R., Hafting, T., Fyhn, M., Fawcett, J. W., & Dick, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2018-10-03
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 47
- Pages
- 10102-10113
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6596198
- OpenAlex
- W2894865807
- Semantic Scholar
- 9d76c8f2d73c04f3367a993907c15081487d05ea
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 5.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation
- Universitetet i Oslo
- Norges Forskningsråd (231248)
- Medical Research Council (MR/R004544/1, MR/R004463/1)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/N008189/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Keywords
- aggrecan, perineuronal nets, extracellular matrix, neuroplasticity, parvalbumin interneurons, ocular dominance plasticity, critical period plasticity, visual cortex, object recognition memory, conditional gene deletion, proteoglycans
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Extracellular Matrix, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Photic Stimulation, Visual Cortex, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Aggrecans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-06, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
