Circadian and homeostatic control of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep: promotion of REM tendency by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Open accessAbstract
The daily timing of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep reflects an interaction between the circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) and a homeostatic process that induces compensatory REM sleep in response to REM sleep loss. Whether the circadian variation in REM sleep propensity is caused by active promotion, inhibition, or passive gating of REM sleep homeostasis by the SCN is unknown. To investigate these possibilities, compensatory responses to 24 hr REM sleep deprivation (RSD) were compared between SCN-lesioned (SCNx) and sham-lesioned rats at different times of day in constant dark. The attempts to enter REM sleep (REM tendency) increased during RSD in all rats and were modulated by circadian phase in sham-lesioned, but not SCNx rats. REM sleep homeostasis interacted with circadian time, such that REM tendency doubled during the rest phase in sham-lesioned rats relative to SCNx rats (F(6,93)= 17.9;p= 0.0001). However, REM tendency was indistinguishable between SCNx and sham-lesioned rats during the activity phase, suggesting the SCN does not inhibit REM tendency at this time. By contrast, the amount of compensatory REM sleep examined 2, 6, 12, or 24 hr after RSD did not depend on circadian phase. Thus, transitions into REM sleep are facilitated by the SCN during the rest phase, but the amount of REM sleep, once initiated, is determined primarily by homeostatic mechanisms. This work supports a role for the SCN in the active promotion of REM sleep at specific times of day.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Increase in REM density with higher EEG fast-frequencies are recognized as the main neurophysiological correlates of depression during sleep.
“For instance, awakenings from REM sleep are associated to higher scores in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (McNamara et al., 2010), and the increase in REM density (Riemann et al., 1994; Wurts and Edgar, 2000) with higher EEG fast-frequencies (Riemann et al., 1994) have been recognized as the main neurophysiological correlates of depression during sleep.”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as Wurts and Edgar, 2000
The Study design and data analysis section (page unavailable) identifies REM sleep duration and REM sleep tendency as measures in rats, but does not identify REM density as a measure. Searches for REM density and depression found no passage linking increased REM density to depression; the higher EEG fast-frequencies clause is attributed to a different citation. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Neurons containing hypocretin (orexin) project to multiple neuronal systems
Peyron, C., Tighe, D. K., van den Pol, A. N., de Lecea, L., Heller, H. C., Sutcliffe, J. G., & Kilduff, T. S. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-23-09996.1998 · Cited by 3,466 · see citing works
Dijk, D., & Czeisler, C. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-05-03526.1995 · Cited by 1,356 · see citing works
Dijk, D., Shanahan, T. L., Duffy, J. F., Ronda, J. M., & Czeisler, C. A. (1997) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.851ba.x · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Bracewell RN (1986) The hartley transform. New York: Oxford UP.
- Watts AG (1991) The efferent projections of the suprachiasmatic nu- cleus: anatomical insights into the control of circadian rhythms. In: Suprachiasmatic nucleus: the mind's clock (Klein DC, Moore RY, Reppert SM, eds), pp 77-106. New York: Oxford UP.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Control of sleep and wakefulness
Brown, R. E., Basheer, R., McKenna, J. T., Strecker, R. E., & McCarley, R. W. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 · Cited by 1,477 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Sleep: Genetics, cellular physiology and subcortical networks
Pace-Schott, E. F., & Hobson, J. A. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn895 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Peever, J., & Fuller, P. M. (2017) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.026 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Circadian regulation of sleep in mammals: Role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Mistlberger, R. E. (2005) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.01.005 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
The role of REM sleep theta activity in emotional memory
Hutchison, I. C., & Rathore, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01439 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Sleep and Wakefulness
Schwartz, M. D., & Kilduff, T. S. (2015) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2015.07.002 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes
Scarpelli, S., Bartolacci, C., D'Atri, A., Gorgoni, M., & De Gennaro, L. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00459 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
“, 2010), and the increase in REM density (Riemann et al., 1994; Wurts and Edgar, 2000) with higher EEG fast-frequencies (Riemann et al.”
BackgroundSleep Neurobiology for the Clinician
(2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.4.811 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Neural and Homeostatic Regulation of REM Sleep
Park, S.-H., & Weber, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01662 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Sleep and dreaming are for important matters
Perogamvros, L., Dang-Vu, T. T., Desseilles, M., & Schwartz, S. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00474 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“…an increase in REM density and a reduced REM latency usually precede clinical depression, suggesting that REM sleep, which is under circadian and homeostatic control (Wurts and Edgar, 2000), may constitute a biomarker for depressive disease (Giles et al., 1998; Gottesmann and Gottesman, 2007).”
BackgroundCasaglia, E., & Luppi, P. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13633 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wurts, S. W., & Edgar, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2000-06-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4300-4310
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6772655
- OpenAlex
- W1926588156
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p01ag011084-05)
- National Institute on Aging (AG-11084)
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH011660, MH11660)
- National Cancer Institute (R33CA094304)
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49620, F49620-95-1-0388)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- REM sleep, suprachiasmatic nucleus, circadian rhythm, REM sleep deprivation, circadian phase, hypothalamus, sleep regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arousal, Body Temperature, Circadian Rhythm, Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Homeostasis, Male, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep, REM, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Rats, Wistar, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
