Variation of electroencephalographic activity during non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep with phase of circadian melatonin rhythm in humans
Open accessAbstract
The circadian pacemaker regulates the timing, structure and consolidation of human sleep. The extent to which this pacemaker affects electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sleep remains unclear. To investigate this, a total of 1.22 million power spectra were computed from EEGs recorded in seven men (total, 146 sleep episodes; 9 h 20 min each) who participated in a one‐month‐long protocol in which the sleep–wake cycle was desynchronized from the rhythm of plasma melatonin, which is driven by the circadian pacemaker. In rapid eye movement (REM) sleep a small circadian variation in EEG activity was observed. The nadir of the circadian rhythm of α‐activity (8.25–10.5 Hz) coincided with the end of the interval during which plasma melatonin values were high, i.e. close to the crest of the REM sleep rhythm. In non‐REM sleep, variation in EEG activity between 0.25 and 11.5Hz was primarily dependent on prior sleep time and only slightly affected by circadian phase, such that the lowest values coincided with the phase of melatonin secretion. In the frequency range of sleep spindles, high‐amplitude circadian rhythms with opposite phase positions relative to the melatonin rhythm were observed. Low‐frequency sleep spindle activity (12.25–13.0 Hz) reached its crest and high‐frequency sleep spindle activity (14.25–15.5Hz) reached its nadir when sleep coincided with the phase of melatonin secretion. These data indicate that the circadian pacemaker induces changes in EEG activity during REM and non‐REM sleep. The changes in non‐REM sleep EEG spectra are dissimilar from the spectral changes induced by sleep deprivation and exhibit a close temporal association with the melatonin rhythm and the endogenous circadian phase of sleep consolidation.
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Arbon, E. L., Knurowska, M., & Dijk, D. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881115581963 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationLaufs, H., Walker, M., & Lund, T. (2007) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/awm084 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Cortical activation patterns herald successful dream recall after NREM and REM sleep
Chellappa, S. L., Frey, S., Knoblauch, V., & Cajochen, C. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.03.004 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Spindle frequencies in sleep EEG show U‐shape within first four NREM sleep episodes
Himanen, S., Virkkala, J., Huhtala, H., & Hasan, J. (2002) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00273.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Meditation and Its Regulatory Role on Sleep
Nagendra, R. P., Maruthai, N., & Kutty, B. M. (2012) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00054 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Mongrain, V., & Dumont, M. (2007) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.6.773 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Dijk, D., & Landolt, H. (2019) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2019_243 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationChronobiology of Epilepsy: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of Chrono-Epileptology
Loddenkemper, T., Lockley, S. W., Kaleyias, J., & Kothare, S. V. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0b013e31821213d4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Sun, X., Whitefield, S., Rusak, B., & Semba, K. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.0001755.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Campbell, I. G., & Feinberg, I. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5346 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Rodenbeck, A., Binder, R., Geisler, P., Danker‐Hopfe, H., Lund, R., Raschke, F., Weeß, H.-G., & Schulz, H. (2006) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1111/j.1439-054x.2006.00101.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Fetveit, A. (2009) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2009.00537.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-Wake Regulation
Czeisler, C. A., Buxton, O. M., & Khalsa, S. B. S. (2005) · Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/b0-72-160797-7/50038-0 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationDecreased resting-state alpha-band activation and functional connectivity after sleep deprivation
Wu, J., Zhou, Q., Li, J., Chen, Y., Shao, S., & Xiao, Y. J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79816-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Menstrual Cycle Effects on Sleep
Driver, H. S., Werth, E., Dijk, D.-J., & Borbély, A. A. (2008) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2007.10.003 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep‐ and circadian‐dependent modulation of REM density
Khalsa, S. B. S., Conroy, D. A., Duffy, J. F., Czeisler, C. A., & Dijk, D. (2002) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00276.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Contribution of Thalamocortical Core and Matrix Pathways to Sleep Spindles
Piantoni, G., Halgren, E., & Cash, S. S. (2016) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/3024342 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Interaction of Sleep Homeostasis and Circadian Rhythmicity: Dependent or Independent Systems?
Dijk, D., & Franken, P. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-72-160797-7/50041-0 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman Circadian Physiology and Sleep-Wake Regulation
Czeisler, C. A., & Dijk, D. (2001) · Handbook of behavioral neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1201-1_21 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationDijk, D. (1999) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1999.00159.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationUse of Transdermal Melatonin Delivery to Improve Sleep Maintenance During Daytime
Aeschbach, D., Lockyer, B. J., Dijk, D., Lockley, S. W., Nuwayser, E. S., Nichols, L. D., & Czeisler, C. A. (2009) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2009.109 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Dijk, D., Shanahan, T. L., Duffy, J. F., Ronda, J. M., & Czeisler, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 505
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 851-858
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC1160058
- OpenAlex
- W2132968822
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG006072, 1-P01-AG-09975, P01AG009975, R01-AG06072-09)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR 02635, M01RR002635)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, melatonin, REM sleep, NREM sleep, EEG power spectra, sleep spindles, alpha activity, circadian pacemaker, sleep-wake cycle, sleep consolidation, sleep deprivation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Electroencephalography, Humans, Male, Melatonin, Sleep Stages, Sleep, REM
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