Cited by 379Memory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and InfluencesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Characterization of Fear Memory Reconsolidation

Open access

Duvarci, Sevil, Nader, Karim·2004·The Journal of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1523/jneurosci.2971-04.2004PMC PMC6730081

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Reactivation of consolidated memories returns them to a protein synthesis-dependent state. One interpretation of these findings is that the memory reconsolidates after use. Two alternative interpretations are that protein synthesis inhibition facilitates extinction and that postreactivation protein synthesis inhibition leads to an inability to retrieve the consolidated memory. First, using two different approaches, we report that reconsolidation cannot be reduced down to facilitated extinction. We show that the reconsolidation deficit does not show renewal after a contextual shift, whereas an extinguished auditory fear memory does under the same conditions and the deficit occurs regardless of whether the memory is reactivated with an extinction [conditioned stimulus (CS) alone] or a reinforced trial (CS-unconditioned stimulus). To address the issue of whether postreactivation anisomycin leads to an inability to retrieve the consolidated memory, we used two traditional assays for retrieval deficits. First, we demonstrate that the amnesia induced by blockade of reconsolidation does not show any spontaneous recovery. Second, we show that application of reminder shock does not result in the reinstatement of the memory. These findings support the idea that reactivation of consolidated memories initiates a second time-dependent memory formation process.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1523/jneurosci.2971-04.2004

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585
Emotion circuits in the brain
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444
AChE-stained horizontal sections of the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates
Paxinos, G., WATSON, C. R. R., & Emson, P. C. (1980) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(80)90021-7 · Cited by 4,501
Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval
Nader, K., Schafe, G. E., & Le Doux, J. E. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35021052 · Cited by 2,706
Self-citation
The Neurobiology of Consolidations, Or, How Stable is the Engram?
Dudai, Y. (2004) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142050 · Cited by 1,671
Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning
Maren, S. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.897 · Cited by 1,543
Time-Dependent Processes in Memory Storage: Recent studies of learning and memory indicate that memory storage involves time-dependent processes.
McGaugh, J. L. (1966) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.153.3742.1351 · Cited by 1,468
Memory Reconsolidation and Extinction Have Distinct Temporal and Biochemical Signatures
Suzuki, A., Josselyn, S. A., Frankland, P. W., Masushige, S., Silva, A. J., & Kida, S. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5491-03.2004 · Cited by 1,127
Dissociable stages of human memory consolidation and reconsolidation
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Allan Hobson, J., & Stickgold, R. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01930 · Cited by 1,025
Retrieval and reconsolidation: Toward a neurobiology of remembering
Sara, S. J. (2000) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.7.2.73 · Cited by 919

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 39 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

2004, Public Library Sci, 2, 1233

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 379

Preclinical Evaluation of Reconsolidation Blockade by Clonidine as a Potential Novel Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Gamache, K., Pitman, R. K., & Nader, K. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.145 · Cited by 72
“Spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon found with extinguished memories, but not after reconsolidation blockade (Duvarci and Nader, 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
The Activity-Regulated Cytoskeletal-Associated Protein (Arc/Arg3.1) Is Required for Reconsolidation of a Pavlovian Fear Memory
Maddox, S. A., & Schafe, G. E. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1120-11.2011 · Cited by 74
“Our findings support and extend those of previous studies (Debiec and LeDoux, 2004; Duvarci and Nader, 2004) and add additional support to the notion that amygdaladependent fear memories that are lost as a result of interference with reconsolidation processes are not readily amenable to recovery…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
A Naturally-Occurring Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor Derived from Garcinia indica Impairs Newly Acquired and Reactivated Fear Memories
Maddox, S. A., Watts, C. S., Doyère, V., & Schafe, G. E. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054463 · Cited by 67
“Previous studies have shown that amygdala-dependent fear memories that are lost due to interference with the reconsolidation process are lost in an enduring manner; they are not sensitive to spontaneous recovery, reinstatement, or renewal in a new testing context [25,32,33,59,60].”
BackgroundMethod
Stress enhances reconsolidation of declarative memory
Bos, M. G. N., Schuijer, J. W., Lodestijn, F., Beckers, T., & Kindt, M. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.04.011 · Cited by 71
“…results could not be ascribed to enhanced reconsolidation given that post-reactivation stress exposure improved recall performance at an immediate retention test, whereas the required protein synthesis for reconsolidation takes at least several hours (Walker et al., 2003; Duvarci and Nader, 2004).”
Background
Translational Approaches Targeting Reconsolidation
Kroes, M. C. W., Schiller, D., LeDoux, J. E., & Phelps, E. A. (2015) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2015_5008 · Cited by 65
“As for the time between the reminder and extinction, studies utilizing Pavlovian threat conditioning found that reconsolidation lasts more than an hour, but less than 6 h, although this window may depend on the type, strength, and age of the memory (Duvarci and Nader 2004).”
Background
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) impairs the extinction and reconsolidation of fear memory in rats
Hake, H. S., Davis, J. K. P., Wood, R. R., Tanner, M. K., Loetz, E. C., Sanchez, A., Ostrovskyy, M., Oleson, E. B., Grigsby, J., Doblin, R., et al. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.007 · Cited by 68
Hippocampal alpha7 nicotinic receptors modulate memory reconsolidation of an inhibitory avoidance task in mice
Boccia, M. M., Blake, M. G., Krawczyk, M. C., & Baratti, C. M. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.027 · Cited by 63
Effects of anisomycin on consolidation and reconsolidation of a morphine-conditioned place preference
Robinson, M. J. F., & Franklin, K. B. J. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.12.013 · Cited by 61
“Likewise a orphine-induced CPP can be blocked by a metabotropic gluamate receptor antagonist [16] or the CAMKII inhibitor KN-62 17].”
Background
Human fear extinction and return of fear using reconsolidation update mechanisms: the contribution of on-line expectancy ratings
Warren, V. T., Anderson, K. M., Kwon, C., Bosshardt, L., Jovanovic, T., Bradley, B., & Norrholm, S. D. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.014 · Cited by 62
“…return to stability requires de novo protein and RNA synthesis (Dudai, 2004; Lee, 2009; Nader, Schafe, & LeDoux, 2000; Sara, 2000; Tronson & Taylor, 2007); this period of lability has been termed the reconsolidation window and has been suggested to last for several hours (Duvarci & Nader, 2004).”
Background
Early life programming of fear conditioning and extinction in adult male rats
Stevenson, C. W., Spicer, C. H., Mason, R., & Marsden, C. A. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.08.005 · Cited by 64
Role of the NMDA Receptor and Nitric Oxide in Memory Reconsolidation of Cocaine‐Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
Itzhak, Y. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1432.051 · Cited by 61
Reconsolidation of a context long-term memory in the terrestrial snail requires protein synthesisPreprint
Халиловна, Г. Т., Rr, T., Ismailova, A. I., Николаевна, М. Л., Samarova, E. I., Латыпович, Г. Х., & Balaban, P. M. (2005) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.25705 · Cited by 61
“Recent experiments by Duvarci and Nader (2004) suggest that reconsolidation, but not retrieval, is affected by AN.”
Background
Memory integration: An alternative to the consolidation/reconsolidation hypothesis
Gisquet-Verrier, P., & Riccio, D. C. (2018) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.10.002 · Cited by 71
Can Memories of Traumatic Experiences or Addiction Be Erased or Modified? A Critical Review of Research on the Disruption of Memory Reconsolidation and Its Applications
Treanor, M., Brown, L. A., Rissman, J., & Craske, M. G. (2017) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616664725 · Cited by 58
“However, presenting the reminder trial in a context that differs from original training does not present a barrier to pharmacological disruptions in reconsolidation in animals (Duvarci & Nader, 2004; Nader et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMethod
Glucocorticoid receptors in the basolateral nucleus of amygdala are required for postreactivation reconsolidation of auditory fear memory
Jin, X., Lu, Y., Yang, X., Ma, L., & Li, B. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05621.x · Cited by 70
“For example, the impaired memory following postretrieval treatment with anisomycin does not show recovery, renewal or reinstatement (Duvarci & Nader, 2004).”
Background
Post-retrieval effects of icv infusions of hemicholinium in mice are dependent on the age of the original memoryPreprint
Boccia, M. M., Blake, M. G., Acosta, G. B., & Baratti, C. M. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.150306 · Cited by 60
“Similar results, indicating a temporally graded requirement for protein synthesis after recall, have been reported by others who have used different models, systems, and species (Litvin and Anokhin 2000; Eisenberg and Dudai, 2004; Suzuki et al. 2004).”
A bout of voluntary running enhances context conditioned fear, its extinction, and its reconsolidationPreprint
Siette, J., Reichelt, A. C., & Westbrook, R. F. (2014) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.032557.113 · Cited by 65
“…to be an adaptive update mechanism enabling the incorporation of new information into the reactivated memory (Lee 2009), whereas extinction leads to the formation of a long-lasting new inhibitory memory that competes with the original memory trace (Eisenberg et al. 2003; Duvarci and Nader 2004).”
Background
Fading inPreprint
Nader, K., & Wang, S. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.350906 · Cited by 59
Self-citation
Memory reconsolidation understood and misunderstood
Ecker, B. (2015) · International Journal of Neuropsychotherapy · doi:10.12744/ijnpt.2015.0002-0046 · Cited by 69
Reduction in Responding for Sucrose and Cocaine Reinforcement by Disruption of Memory Reconsolidation
Exton-McGuinness, M. T. J., & Lee, J. L. C. (2015) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0009-15.2015 · Cited by 55
“Training trials have been shown to destabilize fear memories (Duvarci and Nader, 2004; Eisenberg and Dudai, 2004; Lee, 2008), appetitive pavlovian (Rodriguez-Ortiz et al.”
Background
Xenon Impairs Reconsolidation of Fear Memories in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Meloni, E. G., Gillis, T. E., Manoukian, J., & Kaufman, M. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106189 · Cited by 54
“These findings along with our data showing a lack of spontaneous recovery – a traditional test used to examine the enduring amnestic effect of a treatment [47] – document that Xe satisfies several requirements of a demonstrable reconsolidation-blocking agent.”
Result
Systemic and intrahippocampal administrations of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486 impairs fear memory reconsolidation in rats
Nikzad, S., Vafaei, A. A., Rashidy‐Pour, A., & Haghighi, S. (2011) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2010.548171 · Cited by 53
“For instance, administration of protein synthesis inhibitors after the retrieval of a previously consolidatedmemory results in amnesia in subsequent retention tests (Debiec et al. 2002; Duvarci and Nader 2004), indicating that when recalled, consolidated memory returns to a labile state which initiates another time-de…”
BackgroundResult
A role for ERK2 in reconsolidation of fear memories in mice
Cestari, V., Costanzi, M., Castellano, C., & Rossi‐Arnaud, C. (2006) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2006.01.003 · Cited by 52
“It has recently been observed that consolidated memory traces can return to a labile state after retrieval and that a new process is required to reconsolidate previously learned information (Debiec, LeDoux, & Nader, 2002; Duvarci & Nader, 2004; Nader, 2003; Nader, Schafe, & LeDoux, 2000).”
Background
Neural Underpinnings of Fear and Its Modulation: Implications for Anxiety Disorders
Miller, L. A., Taber, K. H., Gabbard, G. O., & Hurley, R. A. (2005) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.17.1.1 · Cited by 52
Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
Schiller, D., Raio, C. M., & Phelps, E. A. (2012) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/3893 · Cited by 59
Amygdala or hippocampus inactivation after retrieval induces temporary memory deficit☆
Prado-Alcalá, R. A., del Guante, M. Á. D., Garín-Aguilar, M. E., Díaz-Trujillo, A., Quirarte, G. L., & McGaugh, J. L. (2006) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2006.01.006 · Cited by 51
Targeting memory reconsolidation to prevent the return of fear in patients with fear of flying
Maples‐Keller, J. L., Price, M., Jovanović, T., Norrholm, S. D., Odenat, L., Post, L. M., Zwiebach, L. C., Breazeale, K. G., Gross, R. E., Kim, S.-J., et al. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22626 · Cited by 55
Perceptual and conceptual processing as predictors of treatment outcome in PTSD
Kindt, M., Buck, N. M. L., Arntz, A. R., & Soeter, M. (2007) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.10.002 · Cited by 58
Stress-induced resistance to the fear memory labilization/reconsolidation process. Involvement of the basolateral amygdala complex
Espejo, P. J., Ortiz, V., Martijena, I. D., & Molina, V. A. (2016) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.06.033 · Cited by 51
A synaptic reinforcement‐based model for transient amnesia following disruptions of memory consolidation and reconsolidation
Amaral, O. B., Osan, R. M., Roesler, R., & Tort, A. B. L. (2008) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20420 · Cited by 49
“…did not observe such recovery effects (Child et al., 2003; Pedreira and Maldonado, 2003; Boccia et al., 2004, 2005, 2006; Debiec and LeDoux, 2004; Duvarci and Nader, 2004; Lee et al., 2004; Suzuki et al., 2004; Miller and Marshall, 2005; Tronel et al., 2005; Bustos et al., 2006; Lin et al.,…”
BackgroundInfluential
Resting-state functional connectivity between amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex following fear reminder predicts fear extinction
Feng, P., Zheng, Y., & Feng, T. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw031 · Cited by 54
“During reactivation, the CSþwith the US was presented in Duvarci and Nader (2004) followed by a 10 min resting state (REST2 for the reminder group, REST1 for the no reminder group) in which the fear memory was activated (Monfils et al., 2009; Schiller et al., 2009).”
Method
Clinical Translation of Memory Reconsolidation Research: Therapeutic Methodology for Transformational Change by Erasing Implicit Emotional Learnings Driving Symptom Production
Ecker, B. (2018) · International Journal of Neuropsychotherapy · doi:10.12744/ijnpt.2018.0001-0092 · Cited by 56
“…or exogenously, by pharmacological blockade that disrupts the natural molecular and cellular process of restabilization, or reconsolidation, that normally would occur after several hours (Duvarci and Nader, 2004; Pedreira et al., 2002; Pedreira and Maldonado, 2003; Walker et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluential
Propranolol versus Other Selected Drugs in the Treatment of Various Types of Anxiety or Stress, with Particular Reference to Stage Fright and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Szeleszczuk, Ł., & Frączkowski, D. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231710099 · Cited by 46
Updating of episodic memories depends on the strength of new learning after memory reactivation.
Wichert, S., Wolf, O. T., & Schwabe, L. (2013) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0032028 · Cited by 53
Extinction: Behavioral Mechanisms and Their Implications
Bouton, M. E., & Woods, A. M. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370509-9.00088-7 · Cited by 46
Stress modulation of reconsolidation
Akirav, I., & Maroun, M. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2887-6 · Cited by 46
Sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, enhances memory reconsolidation of an inhibitory avoidance task in mice
Boccia, M. M., Blake, M. G., Krawczyk, M. C., & Baratti, C. M. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.02.016 · Cited by 45
Activation of NF-κB in Basolateral Amygdala Is Required for Memory Reconsolidation in Auditory Fear Conditioning
Si, J., Yang, J., Xue, L., Yang, C., Luo, Y., Shi, H., & Lü, L. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043973 · Cited by 45
“The reconsolidation of contextual conditioned fear (CCF) memory is subject to disruption through inhibition of protein synthesis or inhibition of signaling cascades, such as the extracellular signalregulated kinase-mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway [8,9].”
Background
Temporary inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus induces a transient impairment in retrieval of aversive memory
Amaral, O. B., Luft, T., Cammarota, M., Izquierdo, I., & Roesler, R. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.02.031 · Cited by 46
PTSD: Extinction, reconsolidation, and the visual-kinesthetic dissociation protocol.
Gray, R. M., & Liotta, R. F. (2012) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1534765611431835 · Cited by 48
Generating new neurons to circumvent your fears: the role of IGF signaling
Agís‐Balboa, R. C., & Fischer, A. (2013) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1316-2 · Cited by 43
“several hours after memory retrieval [21], the memory is”
Effects of postretrieval-extinction learning on return of contextually controlled cued fear.
Drexler, S. M., Merz, C. J., Hamacher‐Dang, T. C., Marquardt, V., Fritsch, N., Otto, T., & Wolf, O. T. (2014) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0036688 · Cited by 50
Neuroscience of learning and memory for addiction medicine
Torregrossa, M. M., & Taylor, J. R. (2015) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.006 · Cited by 43
Use of a Brief Fear Memory Reactivation Procedure for Enhancing Exposure Therapy
Telch, M. J., York, J., Lancaster, C. L., & Monfils, M. H. (2017) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702617690151 · Cited by 40
“Significant work in both rodents (Debiec & LeDoux, 2004; Duvarci & Nader, 2004; Jarome, Ferrara, Kwapis, & Helmstetter, 2016; J. L. C. Lee, Milton, & Everitt, 2006; Nader et al., 2000) and humans (Kindt, Soeter, & Vervliet, 2009; Soeter & Kindt, 2010; Soeter, & Kindt, 2011) has shown that fear…”
Shifting from fear to safety through deconditioning-update
Popik, B., Amorim, F. E., Amaral, O. B., & Alvares, L. D. O. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.51207 · Cited by 47
“Several studies in the last decades have attempted to pharmacologically or behaviorally disrupt the reconsolidation of traumatic memories (Beckers and Kindt, 2017), as at least in some situations, this strategy can be less susceptible to spontaneous or induced recovery than traditional extinction (Duvarci and Nader, 2…”
Background
Simultaneous but not independent anisomycin infusions in insular cortex and amygdala hinder stabilization of taste memory when updatedPreprint
Torre, P., Rodríguez‐Ortiz, C. J., Arreguin-Martinez, J. L., Cruz-Castañeda, P., & Bermúdez‐Rattoni, F. (2009) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1356509 · Cited by 43
“We used a repeated trials protocol that allows incoming information to be incorporated in each acquisition trial (Duvarci and Nader 2004).”
Method
Basal forebrain cholinergic signaling in the basolateral amygdala promotes strength and durability of fear memories
Crimmins, B. E., Lingawi, N. W., Chieng, B. C. H., Leung, B. K., Maren, S., & Laurent, V. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01427-w · Cited by 41
Memory consolidation and reconsolidation of an inhibitory avoidance task in mice: Effects of a new different learning task
Boccia, M. M., Blake, M. G., Acosta, G. B., & Baratti, C. M. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.04.068 · Cited by 43
Remaking memories: Reconsolidation updates positively motivated spatial memory in ratsPreprint
Jones, B. J., Bukoski, E. A., Nadel, L., & Fellous, J. (2012) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.023408.111 · Cited by 44
“motivated paradigms (Anokhin et al. 2002; Pedreira et al. 2002; Eisenberg et al. 2003; Debiec and LeDoux 2004; Gruest et al. 2004; Duvarci and Nader 2004; Runyan and Dash 2005).”
Reconsolidation may incorporate state-dependency into previously consolidated memoriesPreprint
Sierra, R. O., Cassini, L. F., Santana, F., Crestani, A. P., Duran, J. M., Haubrich, J., Alvares, L. D. O., & Quillfeldt, J. A. (2013) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.030023.112 · Cited by 40
“…amount of evidence has shown that consolidated memories can enter into a new label/unstable state after retrieval, during which they are again susceptible to pharmacological and behavioral disruption, requiring a later restabilization process known as reconsolidation (Duvarci and Nader 2004).”
Background
Single dose propranolol does not affect physiologic or emotional reactivity to smoking cues
Pachas, G. N., Gilman, J. M., Orr, S. P., Hoeppner, B. B., Carlini, S. V., Loebl, T., Nino, J., Pitman, R. K., & Evins, A. E. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3797-6 · Cited by 42
“When administered following memory reactivation, propranolol has been shown to reduce inhibitory avoidance (Duvarci and Nader 2004; Przybyslawski et al. 1999); auditory fear conditioning (Debiec and Ledoux 2004); cocaine- (Bernardi et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
Toward a better understanding on the role of prediction error on memory processes: From bench to clinic
Krawczyk, M. C., Fernández, R. S., Pedreira, M. E., & Boccia, M. M. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.011 · Cited by 45
“Different forms of PE such as: positive, negative and/or others, (Duvarci & Nader, 2004; Díaz-Mataix, Martinez, Schafe, LeDoux, & Doyère, 2013; Fernández et al., 2016; Pedreira, Pérez-Cuesta, & Maldonado, 2004; Reichelt, Exton-McGuinness, & Lee, 2013) were reported to induce memory destabilization…”
Molecular Mechanisms of Reconsolidation-Dependent Memory Updating
Bellfy, L., & Kwapis, J. L. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21186580 · Cited by 43
Depotentiation of Symptom-Producing Implicit Memory in Coherence Therapy
Ecker, B., & Toomey, B. (2008) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720530701853685 · Cited by 43
Direct comparisons of the size and persistence of anisomycin-induced consolidation and reconsolidation deficitsPreprint
Stafford, J. M., & Lattal, K. M. (2009) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1452209 · Cited by 38
“systems, and behavioral level (Duvarci and Nader 2004; Riccio et al. 2006; Mamiya et al. 2009).”
Memory labilization in reconsolidation and extinction – Evidence for a common plasticity system?
Almeida-Corrêa, S., & Amaral, O. B. (2014) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.08.006 · Cited by 37
Aging mice show impaired memory updating in the novel OUL updating paradigm
Kwapis, J. L., Alaghband, Y., Keiser, A. A., Dong, T. N., Michael, C. M., Rhee, D., Shu, G., Dang, R., Matheos, D. P., & Wood, M. A. (2019) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0438-0 · Cited by 43
“Numerous studies have demonstrated that post-retrieval infusion of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin (ANI) can block reconsolidation under certain conditions [43, 44] at least temporarily [see 45].”
Background
Nitric oxide is necessary for labilization of a consolidated context memory during reconsolidation in terrestrial snails
Balaban, P. M., Roshchin, M. V., Timoshenko, A. K., Латыпович, Г. Х., Bogodvid, T. K., Николаевна, М. Л., Zuzina, A. B., & Korshunova, T. (2014) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12642 · Cited by 36
“…protein synthesis for new consolidation or reconsolidation of memory, and the existence of this labile state is proved by the disappearance of memory when protein synthesis is blocked during a reminder of the experimental situation (Nader et al., 2000; Anokhin et al., 2002; Duvarci & Nader, 2004).”
Background
Synaptic Protein Degradation as a Mechanism in Memory Reorganization
Kaang, B., Lee, S., & Kim, H. (2009) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858408331374 · Cited by 35
“However, other studies have shown that memory destabilization is induced by memory reactivation itself, suggesting that it may create a state in which the previous memory can be updated with new information (Duvarci and Nader 2004; Tronel and others 2005).”
Background
A Diet Enriched with Curcumin Impairs Newly Acquired and Reactivated Fear Memories
Monsey, M. S., Gerhard, D. M., Boyle, L. M., Briones, M. A., Seligsohn, M., & Schafe, G. E. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.315 · Cited by 33
No Effect of Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Fear Memory in Healthy Human Subjects
Mungee, A., Burger, M., & Bajbouj, M. (2016) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci6040055 · Cited by 34
“In animals, protein synthesis inhibitors like anisomycin have been used to inhibit fear memory reconsolidation [2].”
Background
Inside the restorative justice black box
Bolitho, J. (2017) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/0269758017714549 · Cited by 41
“…a memory may take three to six minutes (Schiller and Phelps, 2011), and it is now generally agreed that the window lasts between four to six hours before reconsolidation occurs (Duvarci and Nader, 2004; Monfils et al., 2009; Nader et al., 2000a; Pedreira et al., 2002; Przybyslawski et al., 1999).”
Background
Acute but Not Permanent Effects of Propranolol on Fear Memory Expression in Humans
Chalkia, A., Weermeijer, J. D. M., Oudenhove, L. V., & Beckers, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00051 · Cited by 37
“As indicated above, the phenomenon of drug-induced postreactivation amnesia has most often been interpreted to reflect a disruption of reconsolidation, and hence, a memory storage deficit (Duvarci and Nader, 2004; Hardt et al., 2009; Lee, 2009).”
Background
Differential participation of temporal structures in the consolidation and reconsolidation of taste aversion extinction
Torre, P., Rodríguez‐Ortiz, C. J., Balderas, I., & Bermúdez‐Rattoni, F. (2010) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07365.x · Cited by 36
“Reconsolidation has been shown to update memory when relevant information is presented (Sara, 2000; Duvarci & Nader, 2004; Lee, 2008).”
Background
Easy to remember, difficult to forget: The development of fear regulation
Johnson, D. C., & Casey, B. J. (2014) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2014.07.006 · Cited by 37
A BDNF sensitive mechanism is involved in the fear memory resulting from the interaction between stress and the retrieval of an established tracePreprint
Giachero, M., Bustos, S. G., Calfa, G. D., & Molina, V. A. (2013) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.029306.112 · Cited by 35
“turn memory in a transient plasticity enabling dynamic modifications of the established memory trace (Sara 2000; Nader 2003; Duvarci and Nader 2004; Dudai 2006; Lee 2009); however, it should be noted that retrieval does not always lead to a reconsolidation process (Gisquet-Verrier and Riccio 2012).”
Background
Memory Reconsolidation or Updating Consolidation?
Berm√∫dez-Rattoni, F., & Rodríguez‐Ortiz, C. J. (2007) · Frontiers in neuroscience · doi:10.1201/9781420008418.ch11 · Cited by 32
An Inhibitor of DNA Recombination Blocks Memory Consolidation, But Not Reconsolidation, in Context Fear Conditioning
Colón-Cesario, M., Wang, J., Ramos, X., Garcia, H. G., Davila, J., Laguna, J., Rosado, C., & de Ortı́z, S. P. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3050-05.2006 · Cited by 32
“Consolidated memories can return to a labile state when they are reactivated and can be disrupted by administering ANI immediately after reactivation (Nader et al., 2000a; Taubenfeld et al., 2001; Debiec et al., 2002; Duvarci and Nader, 2004; Gruest et al., 2004).”
Background
The selectivity of aversive memory reconsolidation and extinction processes depends on the initial encoding of the Pavlovian associationPreprint
Dębiec, J., Díaz-Mataix, L., Bush, D. E. A., Doyère, V., & LeDoux, J. E. (2013) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.031609.113 · Cited by 35
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) reverses impairment of memory reconsolidation induced by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) hippocampal infusions
Machado, I., Gonzalez, P. V., Schiöth, H. B., Lasaga, M., & Scimonelli, T. N. (2010) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.07.018 · Cited by 34
The involvement of cannabinoids and mTOR in the reconsolidation of an emotional memory in the hippocampal–amygdala–insular circuit
Zubedat, S., & Akirav, I. (2017) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.01.011 · Cited by 32
Does reconsolidation occur in natural settings? Memory reconsolidation and anxiety disorders
Fernández, R. S., Pedreira, M. E., & Boccia, M. M. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.08.004 · Cited by 37
Reconsolidation: the samsara of memory consolidation
Alberini, C. M. (2007) · Debates in Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s11559-007-9000-z · Cited by 29
“[43, 46, 67, 68]), suggesting that, at least in some circumstances, memory disruption may reflect a weakening of the stored trace.”
Background
Delayed extinction fails to reduce skin conductance reactivity to fear‐conditioned stimuli
Fricchione, J. G., Greenberg, M. S., Spring, J. D., Wood, N. E., Mueller‐Pfeiffer, C., Milad, M. R., Pitman, R. K., & Orr, S. P. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12687 · Cited by 35
Role of prelimbic cortex PKC and PKMζ in fear memory reconsolidation and persistence following reactivation
da Silva, T. R., Raymundi, A. M., Bertoglio, L. J., Andreatini, R., & Stern, C. A. J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60046-x · Cited by 28
Disrupting reconsolidation: memory erasure or blunting of emotional/motivational value?
Cogan, E. S., Shapses, M. A., Robinson, T. E., & Tronson, N. C. (2019) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0082-0 · Cited by 25
“, [43, 44]), and there is variability in the boundary conditions proposed for reconsolidation to occur [45, 46].”
Background
Pharmacological Disruption of Maladaptive Memory
Taylor, J. R., & Torregrossa, M. M. (2015) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16522-6_13 · Cited by 27
Stress-Induced Out-of-Context Activation of Memory
Ježek, K., Lee, B. B., Kelemen, E., McCarthy, K. M., McEwen, B. S., & Fenton, A. A. (2010) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000570 · Cited by 24
“characterized by additional memory formation [33] in which the”
Background
Dissociating retrieval-dependent contextual aversive memory processes in female rats: are there cycle-dependent differences?
Franzen, J. M., Giachero, M., & Bertoglio, L. J. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.035 · Cited by 26
Memory creation and modification: Enhancing the treatment of psychological disorders.
Kredlow, M. A., Eichenbaum, H., & Otto, M. W. (2018) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000185 · Cited by 25
“Additional studies demonstrated that this procedure prevents renewal, reinstatement, and spontaneous recovery of fear which are commonly seen even after successful extinction, indicating that this paradigm is not enhancing extinction but interfering with reconsolidation (Duvarci & Nader, 2004).”
How the Science of Memory Reconsolidation Advances the Effectiveness and Unification of Psychotherapy
Ecker, B., & Bridges, S. K. (2020) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-020-00754-z · Cited by 28
New Approaches to Addiction Treatment Based on Learning and Memory
Kiefer, F., & Dinter, C. (2011) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2011_147 · Cited by 29
Transformative emotional sequence: Towards a common principle of change.
Welling, H. (2012) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/a0027786 · Cited by 27
Involvement of the infralimbic cortex and CA1 hippocampal area in reconsolidation of a contextual fear memory through CB1 receptors: Effects of CP55,940
Santana, F., Sierra, R. O., Haubrich, J., Crestani, A. P., Duran, J. M., Cassini, L. F., Alvares, L. D. O., & Quillfeldt, J. A. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.11.016 · Cited by 29
Extinction: Behavioral Mechanisms and Their Implications ☆
Bouton, M. E. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21006-7 · Cited by 25
Spontaneous brain activity following fear reminder of fear conditioning by using resting-state functional MRI
Feng, P., Zheng, Y., & Feng, T. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep16701 · Cited by 24
Appraising reconsolidation theory and its empirical validation
Schroyens, N., Beckers, T., & Luyten, L. (2022) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-022-02173-2 · Cited by 36
“…error given that training and reminder conditions were very similar, such as a reinforced retrieval trial identical to the training session (Duvarci & Nader, 2004), presentation of images from a previously watched trauma film (James et al., 2015), or a simple recall task (Chan & LaPaglia,…”
Method
Pharmacological effects and behavioral interventions on memory consolidation and reconsolidation
Baratti, C. M., Boccia, M. M., & Blake, M. G. (2009) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2009000200001 · Cited by 25
“A necessary criterion to consider an effect on memory reconsolidation is that the procedure employed with this purpose must be effective only following memory reactivation (17,18).”
BackgroundInfluential
Different dimensions of the prediction error as a decisive factor for the triggering of the reconsolidation process
López, M. A., Santos, M. J., Cortasa, S. A., Fernández, R. S., Tano, M. C., & Pedreira, M. E. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.10.016 · Cited by 30
Limited replicability of drug-induced amnesia after contextual fear memory retrieval in rats
Schroyens, N., Alfei, J. M., Schnell, A. E., Luyten, L., & Beckers, T. (2019) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107105 · Cited by 27
The evidence for and against reactivation-induced memory updating in humans and nonhuman animals
Jardine, K. H., Huff, A. E., Wideman, C. E., McGraw, S. D., & Winters, B. D. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104598 · Cited by 32
Memory retrieval, reconsolidation, and extinction: Exploring the boundary conditions of post-conditioning cue exposure
Ferrara, N. C., Kwapis, J. L., & Trask, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1146665 · Cited by 27
“, no prediction error is likely as the CS is paired with what is predicted from initial learning) still leaves a memory susceptible to disruption with a post-retrieval anisomycin injection (Duvarci and Nader, 2004).”
Background
Some key parameters in contextual fear conditioning and extinction in adult rats
Navarro-Sánchez, M., Gil‐Miravet, I., Montero-Caballero, D., Castillo-Gómez, E., Gundlach, A. L., & Olucha-Bordonau, F. E. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114874 · Cited by 24
“Nonetheless, the reconso-lidation of memories requires a time-restricted synthesis of new proteins in relevant brain circuits [34 – 36].”
Cycloheximide impairs and enhances memory depending on dose and footshock intensity
Gold, P. E., & Wrenn, S. M. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.010 · Cited by 24
Reactivated memory of an inhibitory avoidance response in mice is sensitive to a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
Baratti, C. M., Boccia, M. M., Blake, M. G., & Acosta, G. B. (2007) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2007.11.001 · Cited by 24
The Naturally Occurring Compound Garcinia Indica Selectively Impairs the Reconsolidation of a Cocaine-Associated Memory
Monsey, M. S., Sanchez, H., & Taylor, J. R. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.117 · Cited by 24
“However, manipulations targeted at interfering with the reconsolidation process are not subject to these constraints and appear to be persistent (Debiec and LeDoux, 2004; Duvarci and Nader, 2004; Kindt et al, 2009).”
Background
Cued memory reconsolidation in rats requires nitric oxide
Bal, N. V., Rysakova, M. P., Vinarskaya, A. K., Ivanova, V. O., Zuzina, A. B., & Balaban, P. M. (2016) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13503 · Cited by 24
“Existence of the reconsolidation process is supported by the disappearance of memory after reactivation in conditions of the protein synthesis blockade (Nader et al., 2000; Anokhin et al., 2002; Duvarci & Nader, 2004; Cai et al., 2012).”
Background
Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART): a Review and Research to Date
Waits, W. M., Marumoto, M., & Weaver, J. J. (2017) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0765-y · Cited by 24
Threat Memory Reminder Under Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Inhibitor Doxycycline Globally Reduces Subsequent Memory Plasticity
Bach, D. R., Naef, M., Deutschmann, M., Tyagarajan, S. K., & Quednow, B. B. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1285-19.2019 · Cited by 23
“This is not (or less so) the case for reconsolidation blockade, which thus appears to lastingly modify memory (Duvarci and Nader, 2004; Lin et al., 2006).”
Background
The Amygdala and the Neural Pathways of Fear
Dbiec, J., & LeDoux, J. E. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-329-9_2 · Cited by 27

Authors: Duvarci, S., & Nader, K.
Affiliations: W. M. Keck Foundation (US)
McGill University (CA)
ORCID: Duvarci, Sevil
Nader, Karim
Venue: The Journal of Neuroscience
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Published: 2004-10-20
Volume: 24
Issue: 42
Pages: 9269-9275
ISSN: 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
1529-2401
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2971-04.2004
PMC: PMC6730081
OpenAlex: W2018795098
Cited by: 379
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 9.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ (vor, 182 d)
Locations: Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Volkswagen Foundation
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: fear memory reconsolidation, memory reactivation, protein synthesis inhibition, anisomycin, extinction, memory retrieval, memory consolidation, spontaneous recovery, reinstatement, auditory fear conditioning
MeSH terms: Amygdala, Animals, Anisomycin, Conditioning, Psychological, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Male, Memory, Protein Synthesis Inhibitors, Time Factors, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Characterization of Fear Memory Reconsolidation

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks