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Age-Related Alterations in Neurons of the Mouse Retina
Open accessAbstract
The behavioral consequences of age-related alterations in neural function are well documented, but less is known about their cellular bases. To characterize such changes, we analyzed 14 molecularly identified subsets of mouse retinal projection neurons (retinal ganglion cells or RGCs) and interneurons (amacrine, bipolar, and horizontal cells). The retina thinned but expanded with age, maintaining its volume. There was minimal decline in the number of RGCs, interneurons, or photoreceptors, but the diameter of RGC dendritic arbors decreased with age. Together, the increased retinal area and the decreased dendritic area may lead to gaps in RGC coverage of the visual field. Axonal arbors of RGCs in the superior colliculus also atrophied with age, suggesting that the relay of visual information to central targets may decline over time. On the other hand, the laminar restriction of RGC dendrites and the interneuronal processes that synapse on them were not detectably disturbed, and RGC subtypes exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses to complex visual stimuli. Other neuronal types aged in different ways: amacrine cell arbors did not remodel detectably, whereas horizontal cell processes sprouted into the photoreceptor layer. Bipolar cells showed arbor-specific alterations: their dendrites sprouted but their axons remained stable. In summary, retinal neurons exhibited numerous age-related quantitative alterations (decreased areas of dendritic and axonal arbors and decreased density of cells and synapses), whereas their qualitative features (molecular identity, laminar specificity, and feature detection) were largely preserved. Together, these data reveal selective age-related alterations in neural circuitry, some of which could underlie declines in visual acuity.
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“Old mice develop opaque lenses and lose retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the innermost retinal layer (Calkins, 2013; Downs, 2015; Samuel et al., 2011; Wolf et al., 2000) (Figure 7J).”
From Loss of epigenetic information as a cause of mammalian aging (2023) · cites this paper as Samuel et al., 2011
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Metadata
- Authors
- Samuel, M. A., Zhang, Y., Meister, M., & Sanes, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sanes, Joshua R.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-11-02
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 44
- Pages
- 16033-16044
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3238393
- OpenAlex
- W2117429439
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG032322)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS029169)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- retinal aging, retinal ganglion cells, amacrine cells, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, superior colliculus, retinal interneurons, photoreceptors, synaptic density, visual acuity loss, mouse retina, neural circuits
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aging, Animals, Axons, Dendrites, Eye Proteins, Female, Flow Cytometry, Gene Expression Regulation, Immunoglobulins, Luminescent Proteins, Male, Membrane Potentials, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Visual Pathways, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Thy-1 Antigens, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate, Amacrine Cells, Mice, Junctional Adhesion Molecule B, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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