The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Amygdala Neurons Differentially Encode Motivation and Reinforcement
Open accessAbstract
Lesion studies demonstrate that the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) is important for assigning motivational significance to sensory stimuli, but little is known about how this information is encoded. We used in vivo electrophysiology procedures to investigate how the amygdala encodes motivating and reinforcing properties of cues that induce reinstatement of reward-seeking behavior. Two groups of rats were trained to respond to a sucrose reward. The “paired” group was trained with a reward-predictive cue, whereas the “unpaired” group was trained with a randomly presented cue. Both groups underwent identical extinction and reinstatement procedures during which the reward was withheld. The proportion of neurons that were phasically cue responsive during reinstatement was significantly higher in the paired group (46 of 100) than in the unpaired group (8 of 112). Cues that induce reward-seeking behavior can do so by acting as incentives or reinforcers. Distinct populations of neurons responded to the cue in trials in which the cue acted as an incentive, triggering a motivated reward-seeking state, or as a reinforcer, supporting continued instrumental responding. The incentive motivation-encoding population of neurons (34 of 46 cue-responsive neurons; 74%) extinguished in temporal agreement with a decrease in the rate of instrumental responding. The conditioned reinforcement-encoding population of neurons (12 of 46 cue-responsive neurons; 26%) maintained their response for the duration of cue-reinforced instrumental responding. These data demonstrate that separate populations of cue-responsive neurons in the BLA encode the motivating or reinforcing properties of a cue previously associated with a reward.
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“In this way, cues predicting threat are themselves recognized as threatening60 and, likewise, those predicting reward themselves become rewarding61,62.”
From Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety (2015) · cites this paper as [61]
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Cites
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585 · cited 2×
“Numbers on the left indicate the anteroposterior coordinates caudal to bregma (Paxinos and Watson, 1998).”
AChE-stained horizontal sections of the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates
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Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion
Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1579 · Cited by 3,785 · cited 3×
“incentive and a reinforcer for different behavioral or environmental contingencies (Everitt and Robbins, 2005).”
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“In contrast, a conditioned incentive is defined as a neutral stimulus that acquires motivating properties when associated with primary reinforcement, measured by behaviors such as conditioned approach (Berridge and Robinson, 2003).”
BackgroundDifferential projections of the infralimbic and prelimbic cortex in the rat
Vertes, R. P. (2004) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.10279 · Cited by 1,550 · cited 1×
“For example, the BLA has robust reciprocal projections with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (Vertes, 2004).”
BackgroundLimbic Activation During Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving
Childress, A. R., Mozley, P. D., McElgin, W., Fitzgerald, J., Reivich, M., & O’Brien, C. P. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.1.11 · Cited by 1,513 · cited 2×
“…cocaine addicts produces intense drug craving (O’Brien et al., 1998), physiological arousal, including increased heart rate and skin conductance (Childress et al. 1988; Ehrman et al. 1992), and amygdala activation (Childress et al. 1999), all of which may lead to a relapse of drug-seeking behavior.”
BackgroundThe primate amygdala represents the positive and negative value of visual stimuli during learning
Paton, J. J., Belova, M. A., Morrison, S. E., & Salzman, C. D. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04490 · Cited by 917 · cited 1×
“Because there is evidence that distinct populations of BLA neurons encode appetitive and aversive stimuli (Paton et al., 2006), it is likely that these neurons have different projections and that the function of the BLA lies in the absolute valence of the outcomes predicted by sensory stimuli, and…”
BackgroundKelley, A. E., Domesick, V. B., & Nauta, W. J. H. (1982) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(82)90067-7 · Cited by 888 · cited 2×
“In addition, the BLA sends inputs to the nucleus accumbens core (Kelley et al., 1982; Wright et al., 1996), and it has been reported that these connections are important for performing second-order conditioned responses (Setlow et al., 2002).”
BackgroundQuirk, G. J., Repa, J. C., & LeDoux, J. E. (1995) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90092-6 · Cited by 808 · cited 1×
“DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5281-06.2007 Copyright © 2007 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/07/273937-09$15.00/0 spond to sensory stimuli paired with positive or negative outcomes (Quirk et al., 1995; Uwano et al., 1995).”
BackgroundInfluential
Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Sorted by citations
From circuits to behaviour in the amygdala
Janak, P. H., & Tye, K. M. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14188 · Cited by 2,011
Self-citationSescousse, G., Caldú, X., Segura, B., & Dreher, J.-C. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.002 · Cited by 782
“from the present meta-analysis provide strong evidence that the amygdala is equally sensitive to rewarding stimuli, as confirmed by a wealth of animal studies (Sugase-Miyamoto and Richmond, 2005; Tye and Janak, 2007; Bermudez et al., 2012).”
Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety
Calhoon, G. G., & Tye, K. M. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4101 · Cited by 766
Self-citationOptogenetic investigation of neural circuits underlying brain disease in animal models
Tye, K. M., & Deisseroth, K. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3171 · Cited by 745
Self-citationDistinct extended amygdala circuits for divergent motivational states
Jennings, J. H., Sparta, D. R., Stamatakis, A. M., Ung, R. L., Pleil, K. E., Kash, T. L., & Stuber, G. D. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12041 · Cited by 704
Metadata
- Authors
- Tye, K. M., & Janak, P. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Janak, Patricia H.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2007-04-11
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 3937-3945
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6672525
- OpenAlex
- W2076741191
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- basolateral amygdala, motivation, reinforcement, incentive motivation, conditioned reinforcement, reinstatement, extinction, reward-seeking behavior, sucrose reward, instrumental responding, neural coding
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Amygdala, Animals, Male, Motivation, Neurons, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reward, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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