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GABAAInhibition Controls Response Gain in Visual Cortex
Open accessAbstract
GABA A inhibition is thought to play multiple roles in sensory cortex, such as controlling responsiveness and sensitivity, sharpening selectivity, and mediating competitive interactions. To test these proposals, we recorded in cat primary visual cortex (V1) after local iontophoresis of gabazine, the selective GABA A antagonist. Gabazine increased responsiveness by as much as 300%. It slightly decreased selectivity for stimulus orientation and direction, often by raising responses to all orientations. Strikingly, gabazine affected neither contrast sensitivity nor cross-orientation suppression, the competition seen when stimuli of different orientation are superimposed. These results were captured by a simple model in which GABA A inhibition has the same selectivity as excitation and keeps responses to unwanted stimuli below threshold. We conclude that GABA A inhibition in V1 helps enhance stimulus selectivity but is not responsible for competition among superimposed stimuli. It controls the sensitivity of V1 neurons by adjusting their response gain, without affecting their input gain.
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In the citing paper
“In other studies, however, blockage of inhibition was found to change response magnitude yet had minor effect on tuning properties (Katzner et al., 2011; Nelson et al., 1994; Ozeki et al., 2004), suggesting sensory selectivity is inherited from thalamic inputs.”
From GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits (2016) · cites this paper as Katzner et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“In turn, this dynamic range can be adjusted through gain control that is mediated by the overall level of synaptic inhibition4,59,68,69.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
In the citing paper
“Local application of gabazine, a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhances responsiveness of cat V1 to visual stimuli69.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
In the citing paper
“GABAergic inhibition controls the sensitivity of V1 neurons in rodents and cats by specifically adjusting their response gain without altering local selectivity or input gain2,68,69,101–104.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Katzner, S., Busse, L., & Carandini, M.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Katzner, Steffen
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-04-20
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 5931-5941
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3083851
- OpenAlex
- W2022734184
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 9.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (EY17396, R01EY017396)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- GABAA inhibition, primary visual cortex, gabazine, response gain, stimulus selectivity, orientation selectivity, direction selectivity, cross-orientation suppression, contrast sensitivity, neuronal sensitivity, competitive interactions, cat visual cortex
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Cats, Electrophysiology, Female, Microelectrodes, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Pyridazines, Receptors, GABA-A, Visual Cortex, Visual Fields, Contrast Sensitivity, GABA-A Receptor Antagonists
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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