Mitochondrial disease in adults: what's old and what's new?
Open accessAbstract
Ten years ago, there was an emerging view that the molecular basis for adult mitochondrial disorders was largely known and that the clinical phenotypes had been well described. Nothing could have been further from the truth. The establishment of large cohorts of patients has revealed new aspects of the clinical presentation that were not previously appreciated. Over time, this approach is starting to provide an accurate understanding of the natural history of mitochondrial disease in adults. Advances in molecular diagnostics, underpinned by next generation sequencing technology, have identified novel molecular mechanisms. Recently described mitochondrial disease phenotypes have disparate causes, and yet share common mechanistic themes. In particular, disorders of mtDNA maintenance have emerged as a major cause of mitochondrial disease in adults. Progressive mtDNA depletion and the accumulation of mtDNA mutations explain some of the clinical features, but the genetic and cellular processes responsible for the mtDNA abnormalities are not entirely clear in each instance. Unfortunately, apart from a few specific examples, treatments for adult mitochondrial disease have not been forthcoming. However, the establishment of international consortia, and the first multinational randomised controlled trial, have paved the way for major progress in the near future, underpinned by growing interest from the pharmaceutical industry. Adult mitochondrial medicine is, therefore, in its infancy, and the challenge is to harness the new understanding of its molecular and cellular basis to develop treatments of real benefit to patients.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction can severely impair cellular energy conversion, especially in tissues that depend heavily on mitochondrial chemical energy throughout life.
“Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to severe impairment of cellular energy conversion, especially in tissues that rely heavily on chemical energy generated by mitochondria throughout life9.”
From Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
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Khan (2000) · doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200008)48:2
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Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases
Amorim, J. A., Coppotelli, G., Rolo, A. P., Palmeira, C. M., Ross, J. M., & Sinclair, D. A. (2022) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00626-7 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology and Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives
Hajam, Y. A., Rani, R., Ganie, S. Y., Sheikh, T. A., Javaid, D., Qadri, S. S., Pramodh, S., Alsulimani, A., Alkhanani, M. F., Harakeh, S., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11030552 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Mammalian Mitochondria and Aging: An Update
Kauppila, T. E. S., Kauppila, J. H. K., & Larsson, N.-G. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.017 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
ATP Synthase Diseases of Mitochondrial Genetic Origin
Dautant, A., Meier, T., Hahn, A., Tribouillard-Tanvier, D., di Rago, J.-P., & Kucharczyk, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00329 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chinnery, P. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Chinnery, Patrick F
- ORCID
- Chinnery, Patrick F
- Venue
- EMBO Molecular Medicine
- Published
- 2015-11-26
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1503-1512
- ISSN
- 1757-4676 (ISSN-L)
- 1757-4684
- PMC
- PMC4693502
- OpenAlex
- W2255476726
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- EMBO Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Clinical Science (101876/Z/13/Z)
- UK NIHR Senior Investigator
- Medical Research Council
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit (MC_UP_1501/2)
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research (096919Z/11/Z)
- Medical Research Council (UK) Centre for Translational Muscle Disease Research (G0601943)
- EU FP7 TIRCON
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre based at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- University of Cambridge
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Keywords
- mtDNA depletion, mitochondrial DNA mutations, clinical phenotype, natural history (disease), molecular diagnosis, next-generation sequencing, mitochondrial disease therapy, mitochondrial medicine
- MeSH terms
- Mutation Accumulation, Adult, DNA, Mitochondrial, Humans, Biomarkers, Mitochondrial Diseases, Pathology, Molecular
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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