Cited by 917Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRedox biology and oxidative stressExercise and Physiological Responses

Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology and Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives

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Hajam, Younis Ahmad, Rani, Raksha, Ganie, Shahid Yousuf, Sheikh, Tariq Ahmad, Javaid, Darakhshan, Qadri, Syed Sanober, Pramodh, Sreepoorna, Alsulimani, Ahmad +5 more·2022·Cells

Abstract

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. An imbalance between the generation and neutralization of oxidants results in the progression to oxidative stress (OS), which in turn gives rise to various diseases, disorders and aging. The characteristics of aging include the progressive loss of function in tissues and organs. The theory of aging explains that age-related functional losses are due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their subsequent damages and tissue deformities. Moreover, the diseases and disorders caused by OS include cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. OS, induced by ROS, is neutralized by different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and prevents cells, tissues and organs from damage. However, prolonged OS decreases the content of antioxidant status of cells by reducing the activities of reductants and antioxidative enzymes and gives rise to different pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to discuss the mechanism of ROS-induced OS signaling and their age-associated complications mediated through their toxic manifestations in order to devise effective preventive and curative natural therapeutic remedies.

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  • The theory of mitochondrial free radicals in senescence proposes that progressive mitochondrial dysfunction, which occurs with aging, results in an increased production of ROS, which in turn causes further mitochondrial and global cellular damage.

    “The theory of mitochondrial free radicals in senescence proposes that progressive mitochondrial dysfunction, which occurs with aging, results in an increased production of ROS, which in turn causes further mitochondrial and global cellular damage.”

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Authors
Hajam, Y. A., Rani, R., Ganie, S. Y., Sheikh, T. A., Javaid, D., Qadri, S. S., Pramodh, S., Alsulimani, A., Alkhanani, M. F., Harakeh, S., Hussain, A., Haque, S., & Reshi, M. S.
Affiliations
  • Career Point University (IN)
  • Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University (IN)
  • Zayed University (AE)
  • Jazan University (SA)
  • Almaarefa University (SA)
  • King Abdulaziz University (SA)
  • Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai (AE)
  • Bursa Uludağ Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ (TR)
Corresponding author
  • Hussain, Arif
  • Haque, Shafiul
  • Reshi, Mohd Salim
Venue
Cells
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-02-05
Volume
11
Issue
3
Pages
552
ISSN
2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4210796776
Cited by
915
References
218
Citations by year
2026: 165 · 2025: 330 · 2024: 226 · 2023: 150 · 2022: 44
FWCI
16.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Bursa Uludag University - AVESIS (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Jazan University
  • University Grants Commission (/2018)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, antioxidants, aging, age-related diseases, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress signaling
MeSH terms
Aging, Humans, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress

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