EDC IMPACT: Chemical UV filters can affect human sperm function in a progesterone-like manner
Open accessAbstract
Human sperm cell function must be precisely regulated to achieve natural fertilization. Progesterone released by the cumulus cells surrounding the egg induces a Ca 2+ influx into human sperm cells via the CatSper Ca 2+ -channel and thereby controls sperm function. Multiple chemical UV filters have been shown to induce a Ca 2+ influx through CatSper, thus mimicking the effect of progesterone on Ca 2+ signaling. We hypothesized that these UV filters could also mimic the effect of progesterone on sperm function. We examined 29 UV filters allowed in sunscreens in the US and/or EU for their ability to affect acrosome reaction, penetration, hyperactivation and viability in human sperm cells. We found that, similar to progesterone, the UV filters 4-MBC, 3-BC, Meradimate, Octisalate, BCSA, HMS and OD-PABA induced acrosome reaction and 3-BC increased sperm penetration into a viscous medium. The capacity of the UV filters to induce acrosome reaction and increase sperm penetration was positively associated with the ability of the UV filters to induce a Ca 2+ influx. None of the UV filters induced significant changes in the proportion of hyperactivated cells. In conclusion, chemical UV filters that mimic the effect of progesterone on Ca 2+ signaling in human sperm cells can similarly mimic the effect of progesterone on acrosome reaction and sperm penetration. Human exposure to these chemical UV filters may impair fertility by interfering with sperm function, e.g. through induction of premature acrosome reaction. Further studies are needed to confirm the results in vivo .
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UV filters can cause toxic effects.
“In fact, many studies have confirmed the detection of UV filters in human biological samples [12,13] and in marine organisms [14,15,16,17], thus confirming the hypothesis of UV filter-derived toxic effects.”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
A 2018 study concluded that exposure to UV filters may decrease men's fertility, though more research is required to confirm in vivo results.
“Indeed, in 2018, a study addressed the clinical impact of 29 UV filters on the progesterone present in human sperm, concluding that the exposure to these compounds may decrease the men’s fertility, although more research studies are required to confirm these in vivo results [13].”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
UV filters have been detected in human biological samples.
“In fact, many studies have confirmed the detection of UV filters in human biological samples [12,13] and in marine organisms [14,15,16,17], thus confirming the hypothesis of UV filter-derived toxic effects.”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
The Materials and methods section describes adding UV filters to donated human semen samples, and the Discussion reports their effects on sperm function; neither reports detecting UV filters in human biological samples before laboratory treatment. Searches for detection in human urine, blood, and other biological samples found no supporting passage in our copy. Page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Self-citationFall from GRASE: The Sunsetting of the Sunscreen Innovation Act
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- Authors
- Rehfeld, A., Egeberg, D. L., Almstrup, K., Petersen, J. H., Dissing, S., & Skakkebæk, N. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Skakkebæk, N E
- Venue
- Endocrine Connections
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-25
- ISSN
- 2049-3614 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5744631
- OpenAlex
- W2753320139
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 5.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Endocrine Connections (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Innovationsfonden (14‐2013‐4)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia
- Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet, Københavns Universitet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Keywords
- sunscreen ingredients, progesterone, calcium influx, acrosome reaction, sperm penetration, sperm hyperactivation, sperm viability, fertility impairment, endocrine disruptors, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, BcsA
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