Cardiovascular manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism: a narrative review
Open accessAbstract
Data on cardiovascular disease in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are controversial; indeed, at present, cardiovascular involvement is not included among the criteria needed for parathyroidectomy. Aim of this narrative review is to analyze the available literature in an effort to better characterize cardiovascular involvement in PHPT. Due to physiological effects of both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium on cardiomyocyte, cardiac conduction system, smooth vascular, endothelial and pancreatic beta cells, a number of data have been published regarding associations between symptomatic and mild PHPT with hypertension, arrhythmias, endothelial dysfunction (an early marker of atherosclerosis), glucose metabolism impairment and metabolic syndrome. However, the results, mainly derived from observational studies, are inconsistent. Furthermore, parathyroidectomy resulted in conflicting outcomes, which may be linked to several potential biases. In particular, differences in the methods utilized for excluding confounding co-existing cardiovascular risk factors together with differences in patient characteristics, with varying degrees of hypercalcemia, may have contributed to these discrepancies. The only meta-analysis carried out in PHPT patients, revealed a positive effect of parathyroidectomy on left ventricular mass index (a predictor of cardiovascular mortality) and more importantly, that the highest pre-operative PTH levels were associated with the greatest improvements. In normocalcemic PHPT, it has been demonstrated that cardiovascular risk factors are almost similar compared to hypercalcemic PHPT, thus strengthening the role of PTH in the cardiovascular involvement. Long-term longitudinal randomized trials are needed to determine the impact of parathyroidectomy on cardiovascular diseases and mortality in PHPT.
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- Authors
- Pepe, J., Cipriani, C., Sonato, C., Raimo, O., Biamonte, F., & Minisola, S.
- Affiliations
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Pepe, Jessica
- Venue
- European Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 177
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- R297-R308
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- OpenAlex
- W2753358648
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Keywords
- primary hyperparathyroidism, cardiovascular manifestations, parathyroidectomy, parathyroid hormone, hypercalcemia, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, glucose metabolism, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular mass, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular mortality
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Hypercalcemia, Parathyroid Hormone, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Parathyroidectomy, Evidence-Based Medicine, Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Hyperparathyroidism, Primary
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