Predictors of outcome and comparison of different drug regimens for the prevention of relapse in patients with Graves' disease
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different antithyroid drug (ATD) regimens on relapse rates of Graves' disease, and to look for predictors of relapse. DESIGN AND METHODS: In a prospective two-way factorial randomized clinical trial, 218 patients with Graves' disease were assigned to ATD combined with l-thyroxine (l-T(4)) or ATD alone for 12 Months. After discontinuation of antithyroid therapy, each group was stratified to either 12 Months further treatment with l-T(4) or no treatment. Clinical and biochemical assessments were carried out before treatment, after 3 and 6 weeks, and every third Month for 12 Months. If the patients lacked symptoms of relapse, laboratory tests were performed every third Month for the second Year, and thereafter annually. RESULTS: The proportion of all patients with relapse was 47.7% 2 Years after withdrawal of ATD. There was no difference in relapse rates between the treatment groups (P=0.217, log--rank test). Smokers had a higher relapse rate than non-smokers (58.4% vs 38.8%, P=0.009). Patients who were thyrotropin-receptor antibody (TRAb) positive after 12 Months of antithyroid therapy had a higher relapse rate than those who were negative (72.5% vs 36.8%, P<0.0001). Similarly, relapse was more frequent (55.5%) in patients having large goiter compared with subjects with small goiter (36.3%, P=0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Relapse rates of Graves' disease were independent of ATD regimen whether followed by l-T(4) therapy or not. Smoking, large goiter and presence of TRAb at the end of ATD therapy were strong predictors of relapse.
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A lower remission rate has been described in men, smokers (especially men), and those with large goiters (≥80 g).
“A lower remission rate has been described in men, smokers (especially men), and those with large goiters ( ‡80 g) (165-169).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [167]
In patients with negative TRAb, relapses tend to occur relatively later than those that develop in patients whose MMI is stopped when TRAb is still positive, although 5% occurred within the first 2 months in one study.
“In patients with negative TRAb, relapses tend to occur relatively later than those that develop in patients whose MMI is stopped when TRAb is still positive (171,176), although 5% occurred within the first 2 months in one study (167).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [167]
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- Authors
- Nedrebo, B., Holm, P., Uhlving, S., Sorheim, J., Skeie, S., Eide, G., Husebye, E., Lien, E., & Aanderud, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Bergen (NO)
- Stord hospital (NO)
- Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
- ORCID
- Skeie, S
- Venue
- European Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-11-01
- Volume
- 147
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 583-589
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- OpenAlex
- W2096392089
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Helse Vest
- Norges Forskningsråd
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Keywords
- Graves' disease, relapse prevention, antithyroid drugs, levothyroxine, TSH receptor antibodies, smoking, goiter size, predictors of relapse
- MeSH terms
- Antibodies, Drug Combinations, Graves Disease, Humans, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Receptors, Thyrotropin, Smoking, Antithyroid Agents, Thyroxine, Treatment Outcome, Secondary Prevention
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