Mechanism of adsorption of cadmium and lead ions by iron-activated biochar
Open accessAbstract
Heavy metal removal from aqueous matrices may help reduce disease and cancer incidences. In this study, reed biochar (RBC) and RBC modified by ferrous ammonium sulfate addition (1 mol Fe L-1) were compared for potential Cd and Pb removal from varying pH aqueous solutions. Surface functional groups were identified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and their surface physicochemical structure was observed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Batch experiments showed that the modified-reed biochar (MRBC) had greater Cd and Pb removal capacities over a wide pH range (1 to 8), as well as greater metal sorption capacities compared to RBC. Metal reaction kinetics occurred relatively quickly (i.e., within 60 min), and Langmuir modeling suggested that Cd and Pb removal by MRBC was maximized at 2.97 mg g−1 and 17.5 mg g−1 at 45 °C, respectively. The MRBC effectively sorbed Cd and Pb likely due to associations with functional groups modified by the Fe addition. In the future, MRBC may be used as an efficient and eco-friendly adsorbent for Cd and Pb removal from aqueous solutions and may help reduce water-borne issues associated with metal contamination.
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The large surface area per gram of the biochar indicates less erosion and more ability to capture metallic particulates present in a given media.
“The large surface area per gram of a sample of the biochar indicates that there is less erosion and more ability to capture metallic particulates present in a given media [2].”
From Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies for The Adsorptive Removal of Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Plantain Peel Biochar (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
The “Effect of BC Particle Size and Dosage” section (page unavailable in our copy) links greater biochar surface area to increased Cd and Pb sorption. It does not say that greater surface area indicates less erosion, and its experiments concern dissolved metal ions rather than metallic particulates. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe indiscriminate discharge of heavy metals such as zinc, lead, and cadmium through anthropogenic means into the environment is a major cause of water and soil pollution.
“The indiscriminate discharge of heavy metals such as zinc, lead, cadmium through anthropogenic means into the environment has been reported as the major cause of water and soil pollution [1-3].”
From Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies for The Adsorptive Removal of Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Plantain Peel Biochar (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
The Introduction (page not provided) says industrial effluents contain heavy metals that can contaminate surface water, groundwater, and soil, and identifies lead and cadmium as pollutants. It does not establish that anthropogenic heavy-metal discharge is the major cause of that pollution, or specifically link zinc discharge to it. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdsorption is a surface phenomenon that occurs when a solute is preferentially retained on the surface of an adsorbent forming a thin layer of the adsorbate.
“Adsorption is a surface phenomenon that occurs when a solute is preferentially retained on the surface of an adsorbent forming a thin layer of the adsorbate [2].”
From Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies for The Adsorptive Removal of Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Plantain Peel Biochar (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
The Langmuir isotherm correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.998.
“From our result (Figure 5), the correlation coefficient (R 2 ) is 0.998 indicating a perfect fit of the monolayer adsorption [2].”
From Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies for The Adsorptive Removal of Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Plantain Peel Biochar (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Cui, L., Chen, T., Yin, C., Yan, J., Ippolito, J. A., & Hussain, Q.
- Affiliations
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University (PK)
- Venue
- BioResources
- Publisher
- BioResources
- Published
- 2018-12-06
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 842-857
- ISSN
- 1930-2126 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2908412495
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BioResources (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (41501353, 21677119, 41501339, 41301551)
- Government of Jiangsu Province (BK20140468)
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20140468)
- Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
- Keywords
- cadmium adsorption, lead adsorption, heavy metal removal, adsorption kinetics, Langmuir isotherm, pH effect, surface functional groups, water treatment, metal-contaminated water
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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