The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What is the early adulthood outcome of boys who bully or are bullied in childhood? The finnish ‘from a boy to a man’ Study
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to study predictive associations between bullying and victimization at age 8 years and psychiatric disorders in early adulthood. METHODS: The sample comprised 2540 boys born in 1981. Information about bullying and victimization was gathered in 1989 when the boys were 8 years old from parents, teachers, and children. Information about psychiatric disorders was based on military call-up examination and army registry when the subjects were 18 to 23 years old. RESULTS: In univariate logistic regression analysis, frequent bullying-only status predicted antisocial personality, substance abuse, and depressive and anxiety disorders; frequent victimization-only status predicted anxiety disorder, whereas frequent bully-victim status predicted antisocial personality and anxiety disorder. When controlled against the effects of parental education level and parent and teacher reports of emotional and behavioral symptoms by using Rutter scales, frequent victimization-only status predicted anxiety disorders, and frequent bullying-only predicted antisocial personality disorder, whereas frequent bully-victimization predicted both anxiety and antisocial personality disorder. Information about frequent bullying and victimization as primary screening for children at risk identified approximately 28% of those with a psychiatric disorder 10 to 15 years later. CONCLUSIONS: Both bullying and victimization during early school years are public health signs that identify boys who are at risk of suffering psychiatric disorders in early adulthood. The school health and educational system has a central role to play in detecting these boys at risk.
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“Experiencing bullying and persecution in school can have long-term consequences in the form of mental health problems in early adulthood. Among them, in addition to the depression above, are anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and addictions (24).”
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Cites
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Bullying Behaviors Among US Youth
Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M. D., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons‐Morton, B. G., & Scheidt, P. C. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.16.2094 · Cited by 3,805
Education, health, and behaviour
Rutter, M. E. (1970) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,236
A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: preliminary findings.
Rutter, M. (1967) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1967.tb02175.x · Cited by 1,431
A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle and secondary schools
Whitney, I., & Smith, P. K. (1993) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/0013188930350101 · Cited by 1,331
Bullying Among Young Adolescents: The Strong, the Weak, and the Troubled
Juvonen, J., Graham, S., & Schuster, M. A. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.112.6.1231 · Cited by 1,038
Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers
Bond, L. M., Carlin, J. B., Thomas, L., Rubin, K., & Patton, G. C. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7311.480 · Cited by 948
Craig, W. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00145-1 · Cited by 816
Nansel, T. R., Craig, W., Overpeck, M. D., Saluja, G., & Ruan, W. J. (2004) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.158.8.730 · Cited by 816
Veenstra, R., Lindenberg, S. M., Oldehinkel, A. J., de Winter, A. F., Verhulst, F. C., & Ormel, J. (2005) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.672 · Cited by 773
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School Bullying: Development and Some Important Challenges
Olweus, D. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185516 · Cited by 1,406
Moore, S. E., Norman, R. E., Suetani, S., Thomas, H. J., Sly, P. D., & Scott, J. G. (2017) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v7.i1.60 · Cited by 1,320
Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence
Copeland, W. E., Wolke, D., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.504 · Cited by 1,247
Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: ‘Much ado about nothing’
Arseneault, L., Bowes, L., & Shakoor, S. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709991383 · Cited by 1,067
Dieter Wolke, C., & Lereya, S. T. (2015) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-306667 · Cited by 809
“62 70 71 Again, we know less about pure bullies, but where studied, they were not found to be at increased risk for any mental or general health problems.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Sourander, A., Jensen, P., Rönning, J. A., Niemelä, S., Helenius, H., Sillanmäki, L., Kumpulainen, K., Piha, J., Tamminen, T., Moilanen, I., & Almqvist, F.
- Affiliations
- Departments of Child Psychiatry
- Columbia University (US)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tromsö University, Tromsö, Norway
- University of Turku (FI)
- Biostatistics, Turku University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Kuopio University, Kuopio, Finland
- Tampere University (FI)
- University of Oulu (FI)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Venue
- PEDIATRICS
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2007-08-01
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 397-404
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2120938021
- Cited by
- 419
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 28.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- bullying, bullying victimization, early adulthood, mental illness, antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, boys, school health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Behavior, Finland, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Crime Victims, Conduct Disorder
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