Fathers' depression related to positive and negative parenting behaviors with 1-year-old children
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between depression in fathers of 1-year-old children and specific positive and negative parenting behaviors discussed by pediatric providers at well-child visits. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional secondary analysis by using interview data from 1746 fathers of 1-year-old children in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Positive parenting behaviors included fathers' reports of playing games, singing songs, and reading stories to their children ≥3 days in a typical week. Negative parenting behavior included fathers' reports of spanking their 1-year-old children in the previous month. Depression was assessed by using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form. Weighted bivariate and multivariate analyses of parenting behaviors were performed while controlling for demographics and paternal substance abuse. RESULTS: Overall, 7% of fathers had depression. In bivariate analyses, depressed fathers were more likely than nondepressed fathers to report spanking their 1-year-old children in the previous month (41% compared with 13%; P < .01). In multivariate analyses, depressed fathers were less likely to report reading to their children ≥3 days in a typical week (adjusted odds ratio: 0.38 [95% confidence interval: 0.15–0.98]) and much more likely to report spanking (adjusted odds ratio: 3.92 [95% confidence interval: 1.23–12.5]). Seventy-seven percent of depressed fathers reported talking to their children's doctor in the previous year. CONCLUSIONS: Paternal depression is associated with parenting behaviors relevant to well-child visits. Pediatric providers should consider screening fathers for depression, discussing specific parenting behaviors (eg, reading to children and appropriate discipline), and referring for treatment if appropriate.
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Depression among fathers increases the likelihood of spanking one-year-old infants.
“Moreover, research indicates that depression among fathers increases the likelihood of spanking their one-year-old infants (Davis et al. 2011)”
From The effects of paternal depression on child and adolescent outcomes: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as Davis et al. 2011
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- Authors
- Davis, R. N., Davis, M. M., Freed, G. L., & Clark, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2011-04-01
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 612-618
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC3387886
- OpenAlex
- W2132940125
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 25.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- National Institutes of Health
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007534, T32 HD07534)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- paternal depression, fathers, parental behavior, spanking, positive parenting, reading to children, well-child visits, Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, one-year-old children
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alcoholism, Child Abuse, Child Rearing, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Father-Child Relations, Fathers, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Male, Mass Screening, Professional-Family Relations, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Child of Impaired Parents, Parenting, Substance-Related Disorders
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