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Pediatrician Identification of Latino Children at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Latino–white disparities in age at autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis may be modified by primary care pediatrician (PCP) practices and beliefs. The objectives of this study were to assess ASD and developmental screening practices, attitudes toward ASD identification in Latino children, and barriers to ASD identification for Latino children, in a sample of 267 California PCPs. METHODS: In mail-based PCP survey, we assessed rates of bilingual general developmental and ASD screening, perceptions of parent ASD knowledge in Latino and white families, reports of difficulty assessing for ASDs in Latino and white children, and perceptions of barriers to early ASD identification for Latinos. RESULTS: Although 81% of PCPs offered some form of developmental screening, 29% of PCPs offered Spanish ASD screening per American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, and only 10% offered both Spanish general developmental and Spanish ASD screening per American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Most PCPs thought that Latino (English and Spanish primary family language) parents were less knowledgeable about ASDs than white parents. PCPs had more difficulty assessing ASD risk for Latino children with Spanish primary family language than for white children, even when the PCP conducted recommended ASD screening or had >25% Latino patients. The most frequent barrier to ASD identification in Latinos was access to developmental specialists. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors in the primary care setting may contribute to delayed ASD identification for Latinos. Promoting language-appropriate screening, disseminating culturally appropriate ASD materials to Latino families, improving the specialist workforce, and providing PCP support in screening and referral of Latino children may be important ways to reduce racial and ethnic differences in care.
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“Additionally, patients from minority groups in the United States are screened less often (Carbone et al., 2020; Guthrie et al., 2019; Zuckerman et al., 2013)”
From Navigating the Challenges: A Commentary on Barriers to Autism Screening in Childcare Centers (2026) · cites this paper as Zuckerman et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“For the Hispanic population, studies have identified lack of awareness of ASD, stigma associated with disability, lack of access to health care services due to noncitizenship or low income, and language barriers as factors that might reduce the identification of ASD among Hispanic children (31–35).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zuckerman, K. E., Mattox, K., Donelan, K., Batbayar, O., Baghaee, A., & Bethell, C.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, and
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2013-09-01
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 445-453
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC3876760
- OpenAlex
- W2155931520
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH095828)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, Latino children, primary care pediatricians, developmental screening, autism screening, racial and ethnic disparities, early detection
- MeSH terms
- Attitude of Health Personnel, California, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Communication Barriers, Culture, Health Services Accessibility, Health Surveys, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Mass Screening, Pediatrics, Primary Health Care, Risk Factors, Multilingualism, Guideline Adherence, Early Diagnosis, White People, Healthcare Disparities, Health Literacy
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