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Cited by 152Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in African American children: What can be concluded from the past ten years?

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Miller, Torri W., Nigg, Joel T., Miller, Robin L.·2009·Clinical Psychology Review
DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.001PMC PMC4301609
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Abstract

Samuel et al. [Samuel, V. J., Curtis, S., Thornell, A., George, P., Taylor, A., Brome, D. R., et al. (1997). The unexplored void of ADHD and African-American research: A review of the literature. Journal of Attention Disorders, 1(4), 197-207.] reviewed the literature on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in African Americans, and found a paucity of research. The present review of 73 articles updates this assessment of available research and presents the current understanding of ADHD symptoms, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment in African American children ages 3-18. The authors conducted a qualitative review, as well as a mini meta-analysis of 5 studies of ADHD symptoms and 5 studies of ADHD diagnosis to clarify the question of racial differences in prevalence. African American youth had more ADHD symptoms (Cohen's d=0.45, p<.001), yet were diagnosed with ADHD only two-thirds as often as Caucasian youth (OR=.66, p<.001). This pattern was not explained by teacher rating bias or by SES, but may be influenced by parent beliefs about ADHD, higher rates of risk, and lack of treatment access and utilization. Lower treatment rates may be related to high rates of classroom behavior problems among African American youth. Findings also suggest that existing assessment tools may not adequately capture ADHD manifestation in African Americans. Findings highlight the need for more investigation and awareness of relevant cultural issues to inform a culturally competent approach to assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of ADHD in African Americans.

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  • A literature review suggested that African-American youths had more ADHD symptoms than Caucasian youths but were diagnosed with ADHD only two-thirds as often, possibly owing to parent beliefs about ADHD and the lack of treatment access and use.

    “For example, a literature review suggested that African-American youths had more ADHD symptoms than Caucasian youths but were diagnosed with ADHD only two-thirds as often, possibly owing to parent beliefs about ADHD and the lack of treatment access and use 106 .”

    From Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as [106]

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  1. Conners CK Rating scales for use in drug studies with children [Special issue/Pharmacotherapy of Children] Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1973 9 24 29

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Authors
Miller, T. W., Nigg, J. T., & Miller, R. L.
Affiliations
Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author
Miller, Torri W.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-02
Volume
29
Issue
1
Pages
77-86
ISSN
0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.001
PMC
PMC4301609
OpenAlex
W2043239580
Cited by
152
References
90
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 8
FWCI
0.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH059105, R01-2MH59105)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, African American children, ADHD symptoms, ADHD assessment, student misbehavior, cultural competence, socioeconomic status
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Black or African American, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Insurance, Health, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Incidence, Prevalence

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