The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of the FITKids Randomized Controlled Trial on Executive Control and Brain Function
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a physical activity (PA) intervention on brain and behavioral indices of executive control in preadolescent children. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-one children (7–9 years) were randomly assigned to a 9-month afterschool PA program or a wait-list control. In addition to changes in fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), electrical activity in the brain (P3-ERP) and behavioral measures (accuracy, reaction time) of executive control were collected by using tasks that modulated attentional inhibition and cognitive flexibility. RESULTS: Fitness improved more among intervention participants from pretest to posttest compared with the wait-list control (1.3 mL/kg per minute, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3 to 2.4; d = 0.34 for group difference in pre-to-post change score). Intervention participants exhibited greater improvements from pretest to posttest in inhibition (3.2%, 95% CI: 0.0 to 6.5; d = 0.27) and cognitive flexibility (4.8%, 95% CI: 1.1 to 8.4; d = 0.35 for group difference in pre-to-post change score) compared with control. Only the intervention group increased attentional resources from pretest to posttest during tasks requiring increased inhibition (1.4 µV, 95% CI: 0.3 to 2.6; d = 0.34) and cognitive flexibility (1.5 µV, 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.5; d = 0.43). Finally, improvements in brain function on the inhibition task (r = 0.22) and performance on the flexibility task correlated with intervention attendance (r = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention enhanced cognitive performance and brain function during tasks requiring greater executive control. These findings demonstrate a causal effect of a PA program on executive control, and provide support for PA for improving childhood cognition and brain health.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Several studies have identified a positive relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, weight and AP (46–49) or with overall physical fitness (82).”
From Children's Physical Activity, Academic Performance, and Cognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Hillman et al. (2014) found that children who engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity exhibit stronger neural activation during cognitive tasks, resulting in superior performance on mathematical reasoning tests.”
From The impact of physical activity on academic performance in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Hillman et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“More recently, several randomized controlled trials have become available, aimed at investigating the effects of acute physical activity and longitudinal physical activity programs on cognitive functioning in preadolescent children.20,25,26”
From Effects of physical activity on executive functions, attention and academic performance in preadolescent children: a meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although there may be a bi-directional relationship between physical activity and mental health, experimental studies conducted with youth have demonstrated that increasing physical activity has small but positive effects on a range of cognitive and mental health outcomes. 6-9”
From Physical Activity for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that the study conducted by Davis and colleagues involved overweight/obese children and used the anticascade task, while the participants in the Hillman study were of a healthy weight status and a flanker task was used.”
From Physical Activity for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Hillman and colleagues 50 reported more improvement from pre-test to post-test in some aspects of cognitive performance and measures of brain function in children aged 8 to 9 years who followed the FITKids intervention versus a control group.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Of the 11 high-quality studies, four reported outcomes on cognitive performance, 36 50 54 65 six on academic performance, 30 38 41 42 51 83 and one on both. 70”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A small number of studies examined functional brain correlates that may underlie the effects of PA on cognitive performance.49 50 57 58”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Hillman et al. 7 found that a 9-month physical activity intervention aimed at improving cardio-respiratory fitness resulted in improved performance as well as increased attentional resources on tasks requiring increased inhibition and cognitive flexibility.”
From Physical Activity for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, previous studies have shown that regular PA could produce changes in structural brain volumes and improve brain functioning [7,55,56].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lee, I.-M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61031-9 · Cited by 8,215
Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b
Polich, J. (2007) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.019 · Cited by 7,919
Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task
Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03203267 · Cited by 7,230
Be smart, exercise your heart: Exercise effects on brain and cognition
Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2298 · Cited by 3,563
Self-citationPreschool Program Improves Cognitive Control
Diamond, A., Barnett, W. S., Thomas, J., & Munro, S. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1151148 · Cited by 2,025
Revision of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q).
Thomas, S. G., Reading, J., & Shephard, R. J. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 1,952
Bull, R., & Scerif, G. (2001) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn1903_3 · Cited by 1,501
Ageing, fitness and neurocognitive function
Kramer, A. F., Hahn, S., Cohen, N. J., Banich, M. T., McAuley, E., Harrison, C. R., Chason, J., Vakil, E., Bardell, L., Boileau, R. A., et al. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/22682 · Cited by 1,394
Executive functions and achievements in school: Shifting, updating, inhibition, and working memory
St Clair-Thompson, H. L., & Gathercole, S. E. (2006) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210500162854 · Cited by 1,278
Luepker, R. V. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530340032026 · Cited by 1,023
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Kaufman, 1990, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test: KBIT. AGS
- Armstrong, 2006, ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription/American College of Sports Medicine
- Compumedics Neuroscan, 2003, SCAN 4.3: Offline Analysis of Acquired Data
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 668
Dubuc, M., Aubertin‐Leheudre, M., & Karelis, A. D. (2017) · International Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_177_16 · Cited by 27
Leahy, A. A., Michels, M. F. I., Eather, N., Hillman, C. H., Shigeta, T. T., Lubans, D. R., & Smith, J. J. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1756673 · Cited by 26
Self-citationPeng, S., Fang, Y., Othman, A. T., & Liang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.940977 · Cited by 27
Vasilopoulos, F., Jeffrey, H., Wu, Y., & Dumontheil, I. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-35082-y · Cited by 28
Translating the neuroscience of physical activity to education
Gearin, B., & Fien, H. (2016) · Trends in Neuroscience and Education · doi:10.1016/j.tine.2016.02.001 · Cited by 29
Eichen, D. M., Matheson, B. E., Liang, J., Strong, D. R., Rhee, K. E., & Boutelle, K. N. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.03.010 · Cited by 26
Burns, R. D., Bai, Y., Fu, Y., Pfledderer, C. D., & Brusseau, T. A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16234698 · Cited by 25
Ramer, J. D., Houser, N. E., Duncan, R. J., & Bustamante, E. E. (2021) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports9090128 · Cited by 35
Sneck, S., Syväoja, H. J., Järvelä, S., & Tammelin, T. (2022) · Education Inquiry · doi:10.1080/20004508.2022.2058166 · Cited by 25
McMath, A. L., Iwinski, S. J., Shen, S., Bost, K. K., Donovan, S. M., & Khan, N. A. (2022) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.026 · Cited by 25
Self-citationNyström, M., Henriksson, M., Lindqvist, A.-K., & Rutberg, S. (2023) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2023.101617 · Cited by 25
One Step Forward: Development of a Program Promoting Active School Transportation
Lindqvist, A.-K., & Rutberg, S. (2018) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.9505 · Cited by 25
Román, P. Á. L., Robles‐Fuentes, A., García‐Pinillos, F., & Sánchez, J. S. (2018) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/0031512518789563 · Cited by 24
Ludyga, S., Gerber, M., Brand, S., Möhring, W., & Pühse, U. (2021) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12445 · Cited by 25
Lehmann, J., Lechner, V., & Scheithauer, H. (2022) · International Journal of Developmental Science · doi:10.3233/dev-220322 · Cited by 24
Mora-González, J., Esteban‐Cornejo, I., Solis‐Urra, P., Rodríguez‐Ayllón, M., Cadenas‐Sánchez, C., Hillman, C. H., Kramer, A. F., Catena, A., & Ortega, F. B. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14486 · Cited by 27
Self-citationdel Pozo, F. J. F., Alonso, J. V., Vaquero, M., Orr, S., & Llorente‐Cantarero, F. J. (2017) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.15171/hpp.2017.35 · Cited by 27
Pritchard Orr, A. B., Keiver, K., Bertram, C. P., & Clarren, S. (2018) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.2017-0137 · Cited by 24
The Influence of Classroom Physical Activity Participation and Time on Task on Academic Achievement
Szabo‐Reed, A. N., Willis, E. A., Lee, J., Hillman, C. H., Washburn, R. A., & Donnelly, J. E. (2019) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000087 · Cited by 24
Self-citationA program evaluation of an in-school daily physical activity initiative for children and youth
Bremer, E., Graham, J. D., Veldhuizen, S., & Cairney, J. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5943-2 · Cited by 23
Ortiz-Pulido, R., & Ortega, M. L. R. (2020) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v38i38.72378 · Cited by 41
Lu, Z., Qu, X., Chang, J., Xu, M., Song, G., Wang, X., Okely, A. D., Zhang, T., Guan, H., & Wu, J. (2023) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2023.2260632 · Cited by 23
Zang, W., Zhu, J., Xiao, N., Fang, M., Li, D., Li, H., Yan, J. H., Jing, H., & Wang, S. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28633 · Cited by 27
Mücke, M., Andrä, C., Gerber, M., Pühse, U., & Ludyga, S. (2017) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1326619 · Cited by 23
Kern, B. D., Graber, K. C., Shen, S., Hillman, C. H., & McLoughlin, G. (2018) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12581 · Cited by 22
Self-citationMello, J. B., Costa, R. R., da Silva, F. F., Martins, R., & Cristi‐Montero, C. (2024) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2024.100658 · Cited by 25
Taylor, A. F., Butts‐Wilmsmeyer, C. J., & Jordan, C. M. (2022) · Environmental Education Research · doi:10.1080/13504622.2022.2076811 · Cited by 22
Boat, R., Cooper, S. B., Carlevaro, F., Magno, F., Bardaglio, G., Musella, G., & Magistro, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416751 · Cited by 22
Cai-zhen, M., Yan, J. H., Hu, H., Shi, C., Li, F., & Zeng, X. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416873 · Cited by 22
Davis, C. L., Tkacz, J. P., Tomporowski, P. D., & Bustamante, E. E. (2015) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2015-0044 · Cited by 22
Brusseau, T. A., & Burns, R. D. (2018) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2018.1519521 · Cited by 25
Motor performance or opportunities to move? What do children need the most?
Castelli, D. M. (2019) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.01.004 · Cited by 22
Self-citationMilligan, K., Sibalis, A., McKeough, T., Lackner, C. L., Schmidt, L. A., Pun, C., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01161-3 · Cited by 24
No effects of a long-term physical activity intervention on executive functioning among adolescents
Sjöwall, D., Thorell, L. B., Mandić, M., & Westerståhl, M. (2019) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/2050312119880734 · Cited by 23
Phillips, E. M., Brock, R. L., James, T. D., Nelson, J. M., Espy, K. A., & Nelson, T. D. (2022) · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science · doi:10.1037/abn0000777 · Cited by 23
Chichinina, E., & Gavrilova, M. (2022) · Psychology in Russia State of Art · doi:10.11621/pir.2022.0209 · Cited by 21
Azar, E. F., Mirzaie, H., Jamshidian, E., & Abed, E. H. (2023) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.13111 · Cited by 26
Nicastro, T. M., & Greenwood, B. N. (2016) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/cz/zow027 · Cited by 23
Preschool executive control and sleep problems in early adolescence
Nelson, T. D., Kidwell, K. M., Hankey, M., Nelson, J. M., & Espy, K. A. (2016) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2016.1228650 · Cited by 20
Pensel, M. C., Daamen, M., Scheef, L., Knigge, H., Vega, S. R., Martin, J. A., Schild, H. H., Strüder, H. K., & Boecker, H. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23308-3 · Cited by 21
Gerholm, T. N., Hörberg, T., Tonér, S., Kallioinen, P., Frankenberg, S. J., Kjällander, S., Palmér, A., & Taguchi, H. L. (2018) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-018-0239-y · Cited by 25
Hsieh, S., Chueh, T., Morris, T. P., Kao, S., Westfall, D. R., Raine, L. B., Hopman, R. J., Pontifex, M. B., Castelli, D. M., Kramer, A. F., et al. (2020) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13678 · Cited by 21
Self-citationMackey, A. P., Park, A. T., Robinson, S. T., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2017) · Mind Brain and Education · doi:10.1111/mbe.12138 · Cited by 21
Chen, F., Chen, S., Chu, I., Liu, J.-H., & Chang, Y. (2017) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2017-0013 · Cited by 25
Is more time in general music class associated with stronger extra-musical outcomes in kindergarten?
Hogan, J., Cordes, S., Holochwost, S. J., Ryu, E., Diamond, A. D., & Winner, E. (2017) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2017.12.004 · Cited by 24
Observations of playground play during elementary school recess
Massey, W. V., Ku, B., & Stellino, M. B. (2018) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3861-0 · Cited by 20
Soidán, J. L. G., Leirós‐Rodríguez, R., Romo-Pérez, V., & Arufe-Giráldez, V. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186836 · Cited by 20
The Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Patients With Single Ventricles Across the Lifespan
du Plessis, K., & d’Udekem, Y. (2019) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.05.043 · Cited by 20
Nelson, T. D., James, T. D., Nelson, J. M., Johnson, A. B., Mason, W. A., Yaroch, A. L., & Espy, K. A. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104784 · Cited by 19
Multimodal Imaging Brain Markers in Early Adolescence Are Linked with a Physically Active Lifestyle
Salvan, P., Wassenaar, T. M., Wheatley, C., Beale, N., Cottaar, M., Papp, D. S., Bastiani, M., Fitzgibbon, S. P., Duff, E., Andersson, J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1260-20.2020 · Cited by 19
Zhang, Z., Wiebe, S. A., Rahman, A. A., & Carson, V. (2022) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100447 · Cited by 19
Tseng, Y.-H., Chao, H.-H., & Hung, C. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9060798 · Cited by 20
Time spent playing predicts early reading and math skills through associations with self-regulation
Miller, P. L., Betancur, L., Coulanges, L., Kammerzell, J., Libertus, M. E., Bachman, H. J., & Votruba‐Drzal, E. (2022) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101470 · Cited by 20
Physical training improves inhibitory control in children aged 7–12 years: An fNIRS study
Zhong, X., Wang, C., Xu, M., Yuan, X., & Jiang, C. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114902 · Cited by 19
Gutiérrez-Capote, A., Jiménez-Martínez, J., Madinabeitia, I., de Orbe-Moreno, M., Pesce, C., & Vélez, D. C. (2024) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2023.2289552 · Cited by 23
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Mental Health in Young People: A Review of Reviews
Rodríguez‐Ayllón, M., Estévez‐López, F., Cadenas‐Sánchez, C., Gracia‐Marco, L., Lubans, D. R., Ortega, F. B., & Esteban‐Cornejo, I. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25816-0_3 · Cited by 20
Becker, D. R., & Nader, P. A. (2021) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.04.007 · Cited by 21
Mini-Trampoline Training Enhances Executive Functions and Motor Skills in Preschoolers
Ltifi, M. A., Cherni, Y., Panaet, E. A., Alexe, C. I., Saad, H. B., Vulpe, A.-M., Alexe, D. I., & Chelly, M. S. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12101405 · Cited by 19
Wood, A. P., Nocera, V. G., Kybartas, T. J., & Coe, D. P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186576 · Cited by 18
Martínez-Córcoles, V., Nieto-Gil, P., Ramos‐Petersen, L., & Ferrer‐Torregrosa, J. (2022) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.03.019 · Cited by 18
Ishihara, T., Miyazaki, A., Tanaka, H., Fujii, T., Takahashi, M., Nishina, K., Kanari, K., Takagishi, H., & Matsuda, T. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118196 · Cited by 19
Chaddock‐Heyman, L., Weng, T. B., Loui, P., Kienzler, C., Weisshappel, R., Drollette, E. S., Raine, L. B., Westfall, D. R., Kao, S., Pindus, D. M., et al. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13890 · Cited by 19
Self-citation“You’ve got to settle down!”: Mothers’ perceptions of physical activity in their young children
Pesch, M. H., Wentz, E. E., Rosenblum, K. L., Appugliese, D. P., Miller, A. L., & Lumeng, J. C. (2015) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0466-9 · Cited by 18
Broglio, S. P., Williams, R. M., Rettmann, A., Moore, B., Eckner, J. T., & Meehan, S. K. (2017) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000420 · Cited by 18
Centeio, E. E., Somers, C. L., Moore, E. W. G., Kulik, N. L., Garn, A. C., Martin, J. J., & McCaughtry, N. (2018) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2018.1441395 · Cited by 18
Jarraya, S., Jarraya, M., & Engel, F. A. (2022) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/00315125221080334 · Cited by 21
Wang, H., Ge, W., Zhu, C., Sun, Y., & Wei, S. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00944-z · Cited by 20
Fanxing, K., Gao, Y., Herold, F., Hossain, M. M., Yeung, A., Ng, J. L., Kramer, A. F., & Zou, L. (2023) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101806 · Cited by 17
Lott, M., & Jensen, C. D. (2016) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsw052 · Cited by 20
Bugge, A., Möller, S., Westfall, D. R., Tarp, J., Gejl, A. K., Wedderkopp, N., & Hillman, C. H. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199281 · Cited by 17
Self-citationGejl, A. K., Malling, A. S. B., Damsgaard, L., Nielsen, A. V., & Wienecke, J. (2021) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02430-0 · Cited by 20
Cheval, B., Maltagliati, S., Sieber, S., Cullati, S., Zou, L., Ihle, A., Kramer, A. F., Yu, Q., Sander, D., & Boisgontier, M. P. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-215484 · Cited by 21
Ji, Y., Ni, X., Zheng, K., Jiang, Y., Ren, C., Zhu, H., Xiao, M., & Wang, T. (2023) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110747 · Cited by 17
Xie, C., Wang, X., Zhou, C., Xu, C., & Chang, Y. (2017) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.3286 · Cited by 16
Aerobic Fitness Is Associated with Inhibitory Control in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Sandroff, B. M., Hillman, C. H., & Motl, R. W. (2015) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acv022 · Cited by 16
Self-citationSantos, D. A., Marques, A., Minderico, C. S., Ekelund, U., & Sardinha, L. B. (2017) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1411176 · Cited by 16
Zhou, Z., Chen, Y., Huang, K., Zeng, F., Liang, Z., Wang, N., Chen, Z., & Deng, C. (2024) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-024-01028-8 · Cited by 15
Pupils’ experiences and perceptions of engagement during the Moving Maths programme
Sneck, S., Järvelä, S., Syväoja, H. J., & Tammelin, T. (2020) · Education 3-13 · doi:10.1080/03004279.2020.1857816 · Cited by 15
Zang, W., Fang, M., Chen, H., Huang, X., Li, D., Yan, J. H., Shu, H., & Zhao, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1127255 · Cited by 15
Manzano-Sánchez, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1277532 · Cited by 16
Zhao, Q., Wang, X., Li, S., Wang, P., Wang, X., Xin, X., Yin, S.-W., Yin, Z., & Mao, L. (2024) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v14.i1.148 · Cited by 15
Basketball training frequency is associated with executive functions in boys aged 6 to 8 years
Xu, Y., Zhang, W., Zhang, K., Feng, M., Duan, T., Chen, Y., Wei, X., Luo, Y., & Ni, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.917385 · Cited by 15
Voelcker‐Rehage, C., Niemann, C., Hübner, L. A., Godde, B., & Winneke, A. H. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803634-1.00003-0 · Cited by 16
Haapala, E. A., Lintu, N., Eloranta, A., Venäläinen, T. M., Poikkeus, A., Ahonen, T. P. S., Lindi, V., & Lakka, T. A. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1449562 · Cited by 15
Outdoor Recreation within the School Setting: A Physiological and Psychological Exploration
Hyndman, B., & Wyver, S. R. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.91900 · Cited by 17
Nuevo, C. E. L., Sánchez-Molina, J., & Ureña, G. D. (2021) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v42i0.87138 · Cited by 14
Tseng, W.-Y., Rekik, G., Chen, C.-H., Clemente, F. M., Bezerra, P., Crowley‐McHattan, Z. J., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2020-0823 · Cited by 15
Wu, C., Nien, J., Lin, C., Li, R., Chu, C., Kao, S., & Chang, Y. (2022) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14086 · Cited by 14
Self-citationThe relationship between childhood aerobic fitness and brain functional connectivity
Kamijo, K., Takeda, Y., Takai, Y., & Haramura, M. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.051 · Cited by 14
Self-citationHsieh, S., Tsai, J., Chang, S.-H., Ho, J., Chen, J.-F., Chen, P., Sung, Y., & Hung, T. (2019) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-018-1384-4 · Cited by 15
van der Fels, I. M. J., de Bruijn, A. G. M., Renken, R. J., Königs, M., Meijer, A., Oosterlaan, J., Kostons, D. D. N. M., Visscher, C., Bosker, R., Smith, J., et al. (2020) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-020-00805-5 · Cited by 16
Ludyga, S., Möhring, W., Budde, H., Hirt, N., Pühse, U., & Gerber, M. (2020) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13716 · Cited by 14
Effect of exercise on inhibitory control is dose-dependent for adolescents
Li, X., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Li, X., & Li, D. (2021) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2021.10.005 · Cited by 21
Macular Pigment Optical Density and Skin Carotenoids in a Childhood Sample
Cannavale, C. N., Keye, S. A., Rosok, L. M., Martell, S. G., Holthaus, T. A., Raine, L., Mullen, S. P., Holscher, H. D., Hillman, C. H., Kramer, A. F., et al. (2023) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.006 · Cited by 13
Self-citationNaito, T., Oka, K., & Ishii, K. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66598-6 · Cited by 14
Does Exercise Improve Cognitive Performance? A Conservative Message from Lord's Paradox
Liu, S., Lebeau, J.-C., & Tenenbaum, G. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01092 · Cited by 14
Tomaso, C. C., Nelson, J. M., Espy, K. A., & Nelson, T. D. (2018) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105318801065 · Cited by 13
Papasideris, M., Ayaz, H., Safati, A. B., Morita, P. P., & Hall, P. A. (2021) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100983 · Cited by 16
Muntaner‐Mas, A., Mora-González, J., Cabanas‐Sánchez, V., Berninches, L., Salmon, J., Hillman, C. H., Castro‐Piñero, J., Perales, J. C., Veiga, Ó. L., & Esteban‐Cornejo, I. (2022) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102203 · Cited by 16
Self-citationDrozdowska, A., Jendrusch, G., Platen, P., Lücke, T., Kersting, M., & Sinningen, K. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9111651 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Hillman, C. H., Pontifex, M. B., Castelli, D. M., Khan, N. A., Raine, L. B., Scudder, M. R., Drollette, E. S., Moore, R. D., Wu, C.-T., & Kamijo, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Schreiner University (US)
- Waseda University (JP)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2014-10-01
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e1063-e1071
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC4179093
- OpenAlex
- W2129893863
- Semantic Scholar
- 69284f7bd5a80b16da4bf01cd0eff0831883d0be
- Cited by
- 661
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 32.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD055352)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Keywords
- physical activity interventions, executive function, preadolescents, P3 event-related potential, attentional inhibition, cognitive flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, brain function, children's cognition, reaction time
- MeSH terms
- Body Weight, Brain, Child, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Physical Fitness, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Exercise, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
