Cited by 174Gun Ownership and Violence ResearchCrime Patterns and InterventionsSuicide and Self-Harm Studies

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Firearm Violence Among High-Risk Emergency Department Youth After an Assault Injury

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Carter, Patrick M., Walton, Maureen A., Roehler, Douglas R., Goldstick, Jason, Zimmerman, Marc A., Blow, Frederic C., Cunningham, Rebecca M.·2015·Pediatrics

DOI 10.1542/peds.2014-3572PMC PMC4411782

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The risk for firearm violence among high-risk youth after treatment for an assault is unknown. METHODS: In this 2-year prospective cohort study, data were analyzed from a consecutive sample of 14- to 24-year-olds with drug use in the past 6 months seeking assault-injury care (AIG) at an urban level 1 emergency department (ED) compared with a proportionally sampled comparison group (CG) of drug-using nonassaulted youth. Validated measures were administered at baseline and follow-up (6, 12, 18, 24 months). RESULTS: A total of 349 AIG and 250 CG youth were followed for 24 months. During the follow-up period, 59% of the AIG reported firearm violence, a 40% higher risk than was observed among the CG (59.0% vs. 42.5%; relative risk [RR] = 1.39). Among those reporting firearm violence, 31.7% reported aggression, and 96.4% reported victimization, including 19 firearm injuries requiring medical care and 2 homicides. The majority with firearm violence (63.5%) reported at least 1 event within the first 6 months. Poisson regression identified baseline predictors of firearm violence, including male gender (RR = 1.51), African American race (RR = 1.26), assault-injury (RR = 1.35), firearm possession (RR = 1.23), attitudes favoring retaliation (RR = 1.03), posttraumatic stress disorder (RR = 1.39), and a drug use disorder (RR = 1.22). CONCLUSIONS: High-risk youth presenting to urban EDs for assault have elevated rates of subsequent firearm violence. Interventions at an index visit addressing substance use, mental health needs, retaliatory attitudes, and firearm possession may help decrease firearm violence among urban youth.

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Authors: Carter, P. M., Walton, M. A., Roehler, D. R., Goldstick, J., Zimmerman, M. A., Blow, F. C., & Cunningham, R. M.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Carter, Patrick M.
Walton, Maureen A.
Roehler, Douglas R.
Goldstick, Jason
Zimmerman, Marc A.
Blow, Frederic C.
Cunningham, Rebecca M.
Venue: Pediatrics
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published: 2015-05-01
Volume: 135
Issue: 5
Pages: 805-815
ISSN: 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
1098-4275
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-3572
PMC: PMC4411782
OpenAlex: W2162518069
Cited by: 174
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 7.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Michigan
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01CE002698, 1R49CE002099, R49CE002099)
U.S. Public Health Service (R01 024646)
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32AA007477)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA024646)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Gun Ownership and Violence Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Keywords: gun violence, assault injuries, at-risk youth, drug use, emergency department care, post-traumatic stress disorder, firearm possession, victimization, aggression, homicide, urban youth, substance use disorders
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Violence, Wounds, Gunshot, Cohort Studies, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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Firearm Violence Among High-Risk Emergency Department Youth After an Assault Injury

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