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Firearm Violence Among High-Risk Emergency Department Youth After an Assault Injury
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The risk for firearm violence among high-risk youth after treatment for an assault is unknown. METHODS: In this 2-year prospective cohort study, data were analyzed from a consecutive sample of 14- to 24-year-olds with drug use in the past 6 months seeking assault-injury care (AIG) at an urban level 1 emergency department (ED) compared with a proportionally sampled comparison group (CG) of drug-using nonassaulted youth. Validated measures were administered at baseline and follow-up (6, 12, 18, 24 months). RESULTS: A total of 349 AIG and 250 CG youth were followed for 24 months. During the follow-up period, 59% of the AIG reported firearm violence, a 40% higher risk than was observed among the CG (59.0% vs. 42.5%; relative risk [RR] = 1.39). Among those reporting firearm violence, 31.7% reported aggression, and 96.4% reported victimization, including 19 firearm injuries requiring medical care and 2 homicides. The majority with firearm violence (63.5%) reported at least 1 event within the first 6 months. Poisson regression identified baseline predictors of firearm violence, including male gender (RR = 1.51), African American race (RR = 1.26), assault-injury (RR = 1.35), firearm possession (RR = 1.23), attitudes favoring retaliation (RR = 1.03), posttraumatic stress disorder (RR = 1.39), and a drug use disorder (RR = 1.22). CONCLUSIONS: High-risk youth presenting to urban EDs for assault have elevated rates of subsequent firearm violence. Interventions at an index visit addressing substance use, mental health needs, retaliatory attitudes, and firearm possession may help decrease firearm violence among urban youth.
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“This may account for the higher recurrent injury observed in this study compared to others reporting recurrent firearm injury ranging from one to 10% across a variety of clinical and geographic settings and time periods.15,18,33-44”
From Incidence of and Factors Associated With Recurrent Firearm Injury Among Patients Presenting to St. Louis Trauma Centers, 2010 to 2019 (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Carter, P. M., Walton, M. A., Roehler, D. R., Goldstick, J., Zimmerman, M. A., Blow, F. C., & Cunningham, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2015-05-01
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 805-815
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC4411782
- OpenAlex
- W2162518069
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 7.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01CE002698, 1R49CE002099, R49CE002099)
- U.S. Public Health Service (R01 024646)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32AA007477)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA024646)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Gun Ownership and Violence Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Keywords
- gun violence, assault injuries, at-risk youth, drug use, emergency department care, post-traumatic stress disorder, firearm possession, victimization, aggression, homicide, urban youth, substance use disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Violence, Wounds, Gunshot, Cohort Studies, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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