Cited by 285Psychiatric care and mental health servicesEmergency and Acute Care StudiesSuicide and Self-Harm Studies

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Trends in Psychiatric Emergency Department Visits Among Youth and Young Adults in the US

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Kalb, Luther G., Stapp, Emma K., Ballard, Elizabeth D., Holingue, Calliope, Keefer, Amy, Riley, Anne·2019·Pediatrics

DOI 10.1542/peds.2018-2192PMC PMC6564072

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Visits to the emergency department (ED) for psychiatric purposes are an indicator of chronic and acute unmet mental health needs. In the current study, we examined if psychiatric ED visits among individuals 6 to 24 years of age are increasing nationwide. METHODS: ED data came from the 2011–2015 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a national survey of ED visits across the United States. Psychiatric ED visits were identified by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and reason-for-visit codes. Survey-weighted logistic regression analyses were employed to examine trends in as well as correlates of psychiatric ED visits. Data from the US Census Bureau were used to examine population rates. RESULTS: Between 2011 and 2015, there was a 28% overall increase (from 31.3 to 40.2) in psychiatric ED visits per 1000 youth in the United States. The largest increases in psychiatric ED visits per 1000 US youth were observed among adolescents (54%) and African American (53%) and Hispanic patients (91%). A large increase in suicide-related visits (by 2.5-fold) was observed among adolescents (4.6–11.7 visits per 1000 US youth). Although psychiatric ED visits were long (51% were ≥3 hours in length), few (16%) patients were seen by a mental health professional during their visit. CONCLUSIONS: Visits to the ED for psychiatric purposes among youth are rising across the United States. Psychiatric expertise and effective mental health treatment options, particular those used to address the rising suicide epidemic among adolescents, are needed in the ED.

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Authors: Kalb, L. G., Stapp, E. K., Ballard, E. D., Holingue, C., Keefer, A., & Riley, A.
Affiliations: Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch and
National Institute of Mental Health (US)
Departments of Mental Health and
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Kalb, Luther G.
ORCID: Kalb, Luther G.
Stapp, Emma K.
Ballard, Elizabeth D.
Holingue, Calliope
Keefer, Amy
Venue: Pediatrics
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published: 2019-04-01
Volume: 143
Issue: 4
ISSN: 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
1098-4275
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-2192
PMC: PMC6564072
OpenAlex: W2922218868
Cited by: 285
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 13
FWCI: 35.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Keywords: psychiatric emergency department visits, youth mental health, adolescents, young adults, unmet mental health needs, racial and ethnic disparities, emergency department utilization trends, access to mental health care
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Black or African American, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Suicide, Attempted, United States, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Databases, Factual, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Risk Assessment, Young Adult

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Trends in Psychiatric Emergency Department Visits Among Youth and Young Adults in the US

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