Cited by 442Child Abuse and TraumaChild Welfare and AdoptionChild Abuse and Related Trauma

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Long-term Cognitive, Psychological, and Health Outcomes Associated With Child Abuse and Neglect

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Strathearn, Lane, Giannotti, Michele, Mills, Ryan, Kisely, Steve, Najman, Jake, Abajobir, Amanuel·2020·Pediatrics

DOI 10.1542/peds.2020-0438PMC PMC7786831

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Abstract

Potential long-lasting adverse effects of child maltreatment have been widely reported, although little is known about the distinctive long-term impact of differing types of maltreatment. Our objective for this special article is to integrate findings from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a longitudinal prenatal cohort study spanning 2 decades. We compare and contrast the associations of specific types of maltreatment with long-term cognitive, psychological, addiction, sexual health, and physical health outcomes assessed in up to 5200 offspring at 14 and/or 21 years of age. Overall, psychological maltreatment (emotional abuse and/or neglect) was associated with the greatest number of adverse outcomes in almost all areas of assessment. Sexual abuse was associated with early sexual debut and youth pregnancy, attention problems, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and depression, although associations were not specific for sexual abuse. Physical abuse was associated with externalizing behavior problems, delinquency, and drug abuse. Neglect, but not emotional abuse, was associated with having multiple sexual partners, cannabis abuse and/or dependence, and experiencing visual hallucinations. Emotional abuse, but not neglect, revealed increased odds for psychosis, injecting-drug use, experiencing harassment later in life, pregnancy miscarriage, and reporting asthma symptoms. Significant cognitive delays and educational failure were seen for both abuse and neglect during adolescence and adulthood. In conclusion, child maltreatment, particularly emotional abuse and neglect, is associated with a wide range of long-term adverse health and developmental outcomes. A renewed focus on prevention and early intervention strategies, especially related to psychological maltreatment, will be required to address these challenges in the future.

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Copyright
Barth, R. P., Berrick, J. D., Jonson‐Reid, M., Garcia, A. R., Greeson, J. K. P., Gyourko, J. R., & Drake, B. (2026) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781035359127.fm2
Contents
Barth, R. P., Berrick, J. D., Jonson‐Reid, M., Garcia, A. R., Greeson, J. K. P., Gyourko, J. R., & Drake, B. (2026) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781035359127.fm3
Preface
Barth, R. P., Berrick, J. D., Jonson‐Reid, M., Garcia, A. R., Greeson, J. K. P., Gyourko, J. R., & Drake, B. (2026) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781035359127.fm4
Functional connectivity signatures of trauma-specific reflective functioning: The interplay between childhood trauma and maternal competence
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Authors: Strathearn, L., Giannotti, M., Mills, R., Kisely, S., Najman, J., & Abajobir, A.
Affiliations: University of Iowa (US)
University of Trento (IT)
The University of Queensland (AU)
Dalhousie University (CA)
Corresponding author: Strathearn, Lane
ORCID: Strathearn, Lane
Giannotti, Michele
Mills, Ryan
Kisely, Steve
Najman, Jake
Abajobir, Amanuel
Venue: Pediatrics
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published: 2020-10-01
Volume: 146
Issue: 4
ISSN: 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
1098-4275
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-0438
PMC: PMC7786831
OpenAlex: W3087574257
Cited by: 401
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 83 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 1
FWCI: 12.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Iris (University of Trento) (submittedVersion)
Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA026437)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child Abuse and Related Trauma
Keywords: child abuse, child neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, long-term outcomes, cognitive development, school failure, addiction, cannabis use disorder, psychosis, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, sexual health, delinquency, externalizing problems, pregnancy, miscarriage, asthma, visual hallucinations, intravenous drug use, harassment, prevention and early intervention
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Asthma, Australia, Mental Disorders, Body Height, Child, Child Abuse, Cognition, Dietary Fats, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Longitudinal Studies, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Quality of Life, Sexual Behavior, Sleep Wake Disorders, Student Dropouts, Unemployment, Cohort Studies, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Young Adult

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Long-term Cognitive, Psychological, and Health Outcomes Associated With Child Abuse and Neglect

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