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Long-term Cognitive, Psychological, and Health Outcomes Associated With Child Abuse and Neglect
Open accessAbstract
Potential long-lasting adverse effects of child maltreatment have been widely reported, although little is known about the distinctive long-term impact of differing types of maltreatment. Our objective for this special article is to integrate findings from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a longitudinal prenatal cohort study spanning 2 decades. We compare and contrast the associations of specific types of maltreatment with long-term cognitive, psychological, addiction, sexual health, and physical health outcomes assessed in up to 5200 offspring at 14 and/or 21 years of age. Overall, psychological maltreatment (emotional abuse and/or neglect) was associated with the greatest number of adverse outcomes in almost all areas of assessment. Sexual abuse was associated with early sexual debut and youth pregnancy, attention problems, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and depression, although associations were not specific for sexual abuse. Physical abuse was associated with externalizing behavior problems, delinquency, and drug abuse. Neglect, but not emotional abuse, was associated with having multiple sexual partners, cannabis abuse and/or dependence, and experiencing visual hallucinations. Emotional abuse, but not neglect, revealed increased odds for psychosis, injecting-drug use, experiencing harassment later in life, pregnancy miscarriage, and reporting asthma symptoms. Significant cognitive delays and educational failure were seen for both abuse and neglect during adolescence and adulthood. In conclusion, child maltreatment, particularly emotional abuse and neglect, is associated with a wide range of long-term adverse health and developmental outcomes. A renewed focus on prevention and early intervention strategies, especially related to psychological maltreatment, will be required to address these challenges in the future.
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“Moreover, the same prospective study found that emotional abuse and neglect were associated with the greatest numbers of adverse outcomes in the cognitive, psychological, addiction, sexual and physical health outcomes [15].”
From Associations of childhood trauma with long-term diseases and alcohol and nicotine use disorders in Czech and Slovak representative samples (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Strathearn, L., Giannotti, M., Mills, R., Kisely, S., Najman, J., & Abajobir, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of Trento (IT)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Strathearn, Lane
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2020-10-01
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC7786831
- OpenAlex
- W3087574257
- Cited by
- 401
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 83 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 12.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Iris (University of Trento) (submittedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA026437)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child Abuse and Related Trauma
- Keywords
- child abuse, child neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, long-term outcomes, cognitive development, school failure, addiction, cannabis use disorder, psychosis, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, sexual health, delinquency, externalizing problems, pregnancy, miscarriage, asthma, visual hallucinations, intravenous drug use, harassment, prevention and early intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Asthma, Australia, Mental Disorders, Body Height, Child, Child Abuse, Cognition, Dietary Fats, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Longitudinal Studies, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Quality of Life, Sexual Behavior, Sleep Wake Disorders, Student Dropouts, Unemployment, Cohort Studies, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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