Congenital Heart Disease
Abstract
1. Kriti Puri, MD* 2. Hugh D. Allen, MD* 3. Athar M. Qureshi, MD*,† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, 2. †CE Mullins Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, The Lillie Frank Abercombie Section of Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX * Abbreviations: ASD: : atrial septal defect AVSD: : atrioventricular septal defect CHD: : congenital heart disease CHF: : congestive heart failure CoA: : coarctation of the aorta EKG: : electrocardiogram HLHS: : hypoplastic left heart syndrome IAA: : interrupted aortic arch IVC: : inferior vena cava LV: : left ventricle mBTT: : modified Blalock-Taussig-Thomas PAPVD: : partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage PDA: : patent ductus arteriosus RV: : right ventricle SBE: : subacute bacterial endocarditis TAPVD: : total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage VSD: : ventricular septal defect Congenital heart disease (CHD) is present in about 9 of every 1,000 live-born children. (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) Children with CHD are surviving longer, and better understanding of the long-term complications of CHD is continuously emerging. Hence, it is important to be comfortable with the primary care requirements for these children, including physical manifestations prior to surgery and interventional cardiac catheterizations, as well as those concerning for potential need for reintervention, the latest recommendations for endocarditis prophylaxis, respiratory precautions and immunization considerations, and close monitoring of development and behavior. In this article, we will discuss the common types of cyanotic (“blue”) and acyanotic (“pink”) CHD and the role of the primary care physician in the health care of these children before and after surgery and interventional cardiac catheterizations. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe newborn pulse oximetry screening for congenital heart disease (CHD) and clinical features of CHD during the newborn period. 2. Describe the clinical presentations and briefly outline management strategies of infants and children with different types of CHD. 3. Discuss single-ventricle palliation by using hypoplastic left heart syndrome as the model lesion. 4. Describe the evaluation and primary care management factors (including endocarditis prophylaxis, immunizations, and exercise restriction) in children with different types of CHD. Newborns with critical congenital heart disease (CHD) may present with symptoms of cyanosis, congestive heart failure (CHF), poor pedal pulses, or a failed newborn CHD pulse oximetry screen prior to discharge. CHD lesions that are dependent on a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to support flow either to the systemic circulation or to the pulmonary circulation …
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The top seven congenital heart diseases include ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, Ebstein's anomaly, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
“The top seven CHDs include ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), Ebstein’s anomaly (EA), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), transposition of great arteries (TGA), and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) [3,4].”
From Deep Learning for Improving the Effectiveness of Routine Prenatal Screening for Major Congenital Heart Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
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Noormanto (2022) · World Nutrition Journal · doi:10.25220/wnj.v06.i1.0005
Identification of a de novo LRP1 mutation in a Saudi family with Tetralogy of Fallot
Alrayes, N. M., Mallah, B., Issa, N. M., Banaganapalli, B., Shaik, N. A., Nasser, K. K., Alshehri, B. A., Bhuiyan, Z. A., Bdier, A. Y., & Al-Aama, J. Y. (2022) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2022.146909
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Maddali, M. M., Anderson, R. H., Maskari, S. N. A., Kindi, F. A. A., & Kindi, H. N. A. (2023) · Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · doi:10.18295/squmj.12.2023.075
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Pomeshkina, S. A., Kulavskaya, M. V., & Барбараш, О. Л. (2024) · Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.17116/kardio202417021158 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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AlQattan, A., Alasqah, A., & Babgi, R. (2024) · Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine · doi:10.1155/2024/4083031
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- Authors
- Puri, K., Allen, H. D., & Qureshi, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Pediatrics,
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics in Review
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2017-10-01
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 471-486
- ISSN
- 0191-9601 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-3347
- OpenAlex
- W2762195342
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pediatrics in Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiovascular Conditions and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- Keywords
- congenital heart disease, primary care management, cyanotic congenital heart disease, acyanotic congenital heart disease, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, single ventricle palliation, endocarditis prevention, interventional cardiac catheterization, congenital heart surgery, congenital heart disease in pregnancy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Heart Defects, Congenital, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Primary Health Care, Perioperative Care, Transition to Adult Care
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