Deep Learning-Based Computer-Aided Fetal Echocardiography: Application to Heart Standard View Segmentation for Congenital Heart Defects Detection
Open accessAbstract
Accurate segmentation of fetal heart in echocardiography images is essential for detecting the structural abnormalities such as congenital heart defects (CHDs). Due to the wide variations attributed to different factors, such as maternal obesity, abdominal scars, amniotic fluid volume, and great vessel connections, this process is still a challenging problem. CHDs detection with expertise in general are substandard; the accuracy of measurements remains highly dependent on humans’ training, skills, and experience. To make such a process automatic, this study proposes deep learning-based computer-aided fetal heart echocardiography examinations with an instance segmentation approach, which inherently segments the four standard heart views and detects the defect simultaneously. We conducted several experiments with 1149 fetal heart images for predicting 24 objects, including four shapes of fetal heart standard views, 17 objects of heart-chambers in each view, and three cases of congenital heart defect. The result showed that the proposed model performed satisfactory performance for standard views segmentation, with a 79.97% intersection over union and 89.70% Dice coefficient similarity. It also performed well in the CHDs detection, with mean average precision around 98.30% for intra-patient variation and 82.42% for inter-patient variation. We believe that automatic segmentation and detection techniques could make an important contribution toward improving congenital heart disease diagnosis rates.
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Advantages of AI in fetal echocardiography include facilitation of standard view acquisition and CHD detection, and significant reduction in examination time.
“Advantages are the facilitation of standard view acquisition [58,60] and CHD detection [53,61,62], as well as a significant reduction in examination time [52,55].”
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- Authors
- Nurmaini, S., Rachmatullah, M. N., Sapitri, A. I., Darmawahyuni, A., Tutuko, B., Firdaus, F., Partan, R. U., & Bernolian, N.
- Affiliations
- Sriwijaya University (ID)
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang 30126, Indonesia
- Corresponding author
- Nurmaini, Siti
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-11-30
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 8007
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8659935
- OpenAlex
- W3215219625
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 13
- FWCI
- 4.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Universitas Sriwijaya
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Medical Image Segmentation Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Keywords
- fetal echocardiography, congenital heart disease, instance segmentation, computer-aided diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Deep Learning, Computers, Echocardiography, Female, Fetal Heart, Heart Defects, Congenital, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Pregnancy
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