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Cited by 45Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesSodium Intake and HealthHealth Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Overview of hypertension in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Open access
Alshammari, Sulaiman A., Alshammari, Abdullah S., Alshammari, Hotoon S., Ahamed, Shaik S.·2023·Saudi Medical Journal
DOI 10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230178PMC PMC10541986
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Abstract

Objectives: To assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We searched electronic databases and the references lists of found publications between 1990 and 2022. Original cross-sectional studies in English were included using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Saudi Digital Library. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the combined prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension. Results: Twenty-nine studies with 278873 individuals aged 14-100 were considered. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 22.66% (95% CI:18.95-26.60), Cochran’s Q=6221.98, dff=22, p<0.0001; I2=99.65%, Egger’s test (p=0.0033) across 23 studies with 272378 people. The pooled hypertension awareness rate was 42.8% from 6 studies with 36046 participants (95% CI:35.66-50.01), Cochran’s Q=781.86, dff=5, p<0.0001; I2=99.4% and Egger’s test p=0.3772. The pooled proportion of hypertension patients treated in 6 studies involving 46075 samples was 59.4% (95% CI=38.14-79.02), Cochran’s Q=9793.79 dff=5, p<0.0001; I2=99.95%, Egger’s test p=0.8284. The pooled proportion of hypertension-controlled participants across 15 studies comprising 264817 subjects was 34.97% (95% CI: 27.62-42.68), Cochran’s Q=11048.28, dff=14, p<0.0001; I2=99.87% and Egger’s test p=0.9760. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was high, with low awareness, treatment, and control rates among Saudis. Therefore, policymakers and healthcare providers must work harmoniously to promote health and to prevent, detect, and control hypertension early. PROSPERO Reg. No.: CRD42023407978

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Crossref · 10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230178

Cites

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Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 - Prisma flow chart summarizes the search’ screening and selection of the reviewed hypertensive articles.
Figure 1 - Prisma flow chart summarizes the search’ screening and selection of the reviewed hypertensive articles.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 2 - Forest plot for studies showing the prevalence of hypertension and pooled prevalence.
Figure 2 - Forest plot for studies showing the prevalence of hypertension and pooled prevalence.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 3 - Forest plot for studies shows the proportion of subjects who had awareness of hypertension and pooled proportion.
Figure 3 - Forest plot for studies shows the proportion of subjects who had awareness of hypertension and pooled proportion.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 4 - Forest plot for studies shows the proportion of subjects who had treatment for hypertension and pooled proportion.
Figure 4 - Forest plot for studies shows the proportion of subjects who had treatment for hypertension and pooled proportion.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 5 - Forest plot for studies shows the proportion of subjects control hypertension and pooled proportion.
Figure 5 - Forest plot for studies shows the proportion of subjects control hypertension and pooled proportion.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 6 - Risk factors of hypertension.
Figure 6 - Risk factors of hypertension.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

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Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [37]Abolfotouh MA, Abu-Zeid HAH, Aziz MA, Alakija W, Mahfouz AA, Bassuni WA. Prevalence of hypertension in south-western Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J 1996; 2: 211– 218.

Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Alshammari, S. A., Alshammari, A. S., Alshammari, H. S., & Ahamed, S. S.
Affiliations
King Saud Medical City (SA)
Corresponding author
Alshammari, Sulaiman A.
ORCID
Venue
Saudi Medical Journal
Publisher
Armed Forces Medical Services
Published
2023-09-30
Volume
44
Issue
10
Pages
951-964
ISSN
  • 0379-5284 (ISSN-L)
  • 1658-3175
DOI
10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230178
PMC
PMC10541986
OpenAlex
W4387212618
Cited by
45
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13
FWCI
2.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Saudi Medical Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
King Saud University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
Keywords
hypertension, hypertension prevalence, hypertension awareness, antihypertensive therapy, blood pressure control, Saudi Arabia, primary care, health policy, early detection and prevention, socioeconomic status, urban-rural differences, gender differences, age differences, ethnic differences, diabetes comorbidity, cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle risk factors
MeSH terms
Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Promotion, Humans, Hypertension, Saudi Arabia, Prevalence

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Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.