The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Open accessAbstract
Background: Behavioral addiction research has been particularly flourishing over the last two decades. However, recent publications have suggested that nearly all daily life activities might lead to a genuine addiction. Methods and aim: In this article, we discuss how the use of atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches may result in the identification of an unlimited list of “new” behavioral addictions. Results: Both methodological and theoretical shortcomings of these studies were discussed. Conclusions: We suggested that studies overpathologizing daily life activities are likely to prompt a dismissive appraisal of behavioral addiction research. Consequently, we proposed several roadmaps for future research in the field, centrally highlighting the need for longer tenable behavioral addiction research that shifts from a mere criteria-based approach toward an approach focusing on the psychological processes involved.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, even when a university student rates this type of item high on a Likert scale, the answer does not necessarily have clinical relevance (Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage, & Heeren, 2015; Kardefelt-Winther, 2015).”
From Is smartphone addiction really an addiction? (2018) · cites this paper as Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage, & Heeren, 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Persons with CSBD present themselves clinically and socially with a perception of out-of-control sexual behavior, extreme guilt over sexual gratification, and distress related to the adverse consequences of repetitive sexual behavior and/or the lack of satisfaction from it.”
From Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“We agree that social media, as with use of many other new technologies, is overpathologized (Billieux et al., 2015).”
From A mixed-methods study of problematic social media use, attention dysregulation, and social media use motives (2023) · cites this paper as Billieux et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Whilst referring to an ‘addiction’ terminology in this paper, it needs to be noted that there is much controversy within the research field concerning both the possible overpathologising of everyday life [47,48] as well as the most appropriate term for the phenomenon.”
From Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned (2017) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“On the one hand, current behavioral addiction research tends to be correlational and confirmatory in nature and is often based on population studies rather than clinical samples in which psychological impairments are observed [47].”
From Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned (2017) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“According to Billieux et al. [3, 7], most existing studies on this topic were conducted without a defined theoretical framework, which might limit the possibility for a better understanding of PSU.”
From Prevalence and correlates of problematic smartphone use in a large random sample of Chinese undergraduates (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“It is worth noting, however, that the screening questionnaire used in the current study (PCPUQ) was developed by directly transposing substance abuse criteria to the diagnosis of PSU, an approach that has been criticized and is susceptible to artificially inflated prevalence rates [7].”
From Prevalence and correlates of problematic smartphone use in a large random sample of Chinese undergraduates (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“However, this has led to debates about everyday behaviors being over-pathologized (Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage, & Heeren, 2015).”
From Disorders due to addictive behaviors: Further issues, debates, and controversies •: Commentary to the debate: “Behavioral addictions in the ICD-11” (2022) · cites this paper as Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage, & Heeren, 2015
In the citing paper
“However, despite the existence of problematic use, it seems that the term ‘addiction’ is an inadequate construct when used as simply “Internet addiction”, because: (i) the problematic use does not depend on the mobile phone or the Internet itself, but on the activities accessed on them; (ii) the problematic use can be the symptom of other disorders, not a primary disorder in itself [10,17]; (iii)”
From Problematic Use of the Internet and Smartphones in University Students: 2006–2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [50]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_121117 · Cited by 20,772
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.
Carter, M. J. (2014) · Therapeutic Recreation Journal · Cited by 15,154
Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059 · Cited by 2,519
Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction
Block, J. J. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07101556 · Cited by 1,385
(1994) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 1,205
Addiction: definition and implications
GOODMAN, A. (1990) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01620.x · Cited by 766
Internet gaming disorder and the DSM ‐5
Petry, N. M., & O’Brien, C. P. (2013) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12162 · Cited by 568
Rehbein, F., Kliem, S., Baier, D., Mößle, T., & Petry, N. M. (2015) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12849 · Cited by 567
Madness Explained: Psychosis and Human Nature
Bentall, R. P. (2003) · Cited by 565
Slutske, W. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.2.297 · Cited by 554
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 41 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 924
Nosology and metaphor: How pornography viewers make sense of pornography addiction
Taylor, K. (2019) · Sexualities · doi:10.1177/1363460719842136 · Cited by 29
Brown, K. L., & Russell, A. M. T. (2019) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-019-09890-9 · Cited by 29
Caselli, G., Marino, C., & Spada, M. M. (2020) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-020-00365-0 · Cited by 30
The Internet Addiction Disorder
Bax, T. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203796894-7 · Cited by 29
A Triple-System Neural Model of Maladaptive Consumption
Turel, O., & Bechara, A. (2021) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/714366 · Cited by 32
Substitute Addictions in Persons with Substance Use Disorders: A Scoping Review
Sinclair, D. L., Sussman, S. Y., Savahl, S., Florence, M. A., Adams, S., & Vanderplasschen, W. (2021) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2021.1892136 · Cited by 29
Facebook addiction and impulsive decision-making
Delaney, D., Stein, L. A. R., & Gruber, R. (2018) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2017.1406482 · Cited by 29
Kim, H. S. A., Hodgins, D. C., Kim, B. B., & Wild, T. C. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9020334 · Cited by 32
Evans, C., King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.024 · Cited by 28
The cross-cultural expression of internet gaming distress in North America, Europe, and China
Snodgrass, J. G., Zhao, W., Lacy, M. G., Zhang, S., & Tate, R. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100146 · Cited by 32
Seeing the forest through different trees: A social psychological perspective of work addiction
Tóth‐Király, I., Bőthe, B., & Orosz, G. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.122 · Cited by 28
Measuring smartphone dependency and exploration of consequences and comorbidities
Fryman, S. M., & Romine, W. L. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100108 · Cited by 35
Reliability, and Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Gaming Disorder Scales: A Meta-Analysis
Yoon, S., Yang, Y., Ro, E., Ahn, W., Kim, J., Shin, S.-H., Chey, J., & Choi, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764209 · Cited by 29
Alfonsi, V., Varallo, G., Scarpelli, S., Gorgoni, M., Filosa, M., Gennaro, L. D., Musetti, A., & Franceschini, C. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13747 · Cited by 30
Marciano, L., Schulz, P. J., & Camerini, A.-L. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106731 · Cited by 33
Musetti, A., Gori, A., Alessandra, A., Topino, E., Terrone, G., Plazzi, G., Cacioppo, M., & Franceschini, C. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s348242 · Cited by 34
Loscalzo, Y., & Giannini, M. (2018) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2018.0051 · Cited by 27
Oelker, A., Rumpf, H., Brand, M., & Müller, S. M. (2024) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152470 · Cited by 30
Adolescent digital profiles: A process-based typology of highly engaged internet users
Tzavela, E. C., Karakitsou, C., Halapi, E. C., & Τσίτσικα, Ά. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.032 · Cited by 35
Evaluate Models of High-Frequency Sexual Behaviors Already
Prause, N. (2017) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-017-1078-2 · Cited by 28
Dell’Osso, B. M., Bernardo, I. D., Vismara, M. E. M., Piccoli, E., Giorgetti, F., Molteni, L., Fineberg, N. A., Virzì, C., Bowden‐Jones, H., Truzoli, R., et al. (2021) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017902117010061 · Cited by 26
Online gaming and internet gaming disorder in Iran: patterns, motivations, and correlates
Rafiemanesh, H., Farnam, R., Sangchooli, A., Rahimi, J., Hamzehzadeh, M., Ghani, K., Jobehdar, M. M., Amin‐Esmaeili, M., Shadloo, B., Demetrovics, Z., et al. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02490-0 · Cited by 28
Brailovskaia, J., & Margraf, J. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100374 · Cited by 31
Making the Case for Video Game Addiction: Does It Exist or Not?
Pontes, H. M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95495-0_4 · Cited by 28
Schluter, M. G., Hodgins, D. C., Thege, B. K., & Wild, T. C. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00064 · Cited by 25
The independent contribution of desire thinking to problematic social media use
Bastan, F. S., Spada, M. M., Khosravani, V., & Ardestani, S. M. S. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03158-z · Cited by 26
Brailovskaia, J., & Margraf, J. (2022) · Current Research in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100088 · Cited by 27
Restricting mobile phone access during homework increases attainment of study goals
Cutino, C. M., & Nees, M. A. (2016) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/2050157916664558 · Cited by 25
Wang, W., Ye, J., Zhu, Y., Huang, D., & Zhao, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1258673 · Cited by 31
Snodgrass, J. G., Zhao, W., Lacy, M. G., Zhang, S., & Tate, R. (2018) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-018-9608-5 · Cited by 25
Neurocognitive Components of Gambling Disorder
Navas, J. F., Billieux, J., Verdejo‐García, A., & Perales, J. C. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429490750-7 · Cited by 38
Self-citationSindermann, C., Yang, H., Liu, T., Elhai, J. D., & Montag, C. (2021) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-020-00179-y · Cited by 30
Akbari, M., Seydavi, M., Sheikhi, S., & Spada, M. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1137533 · Cited by 26
Ciudad-Fernández, V., Zarco-Alpuente, A., Escrivá‐Martínez, T., Herrero, R., & Baños, R. (2024) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108003 · Cited by 33
Mackenzie, R. (2018) · Robotics · doi:10.3390/robotics7040070 · Cited by 25
Psychological and neuroscientific advances to understand Internet Use Disorder
Becker, B., & Montag, C. (2019) · e-Neuroforum · doi:10.1515/nf-2018-0026 · Cited by 24
Internet gaming, embodied distress, and psychosocial well-being: A syndemic-syndaimonic continuum
Snodgrass, J. G., Lacy, M. G., & Cole, S. W. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112728 · Cited by 25
Guo, N., Luk, T. T., Wang, M. P., Ho, S. Y., Fong, D., Wan, A., Chan, S. S.-C., & Lam, T. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.614061 · Cited by 25
Vally, Z., Helmy, M. S., & Fourie, L. C. H. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291034 · Cited by 25
Li, G., Xie, J., An, L., Hou, G., Hu, J., & Wang, W. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00241 · Cited by 23
Loscalzo, Y., & Giannini, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00489 · Cited by 24
Challet‐Bouju, G., Mariez, J., Perrot, B., Grall‐Bronnec, M., & Chauchard, É. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00277 · Cited by 33
Wicki, M., Marmet, S., Studer, J., Épaulard, O., & Gmel, G. E. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106609 · Cited by 23
Musetti, A., Brazzi, F., FOLLI, M. C., Plazzi, G., & Franceschini, C. (2020) · The Open Psychology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874350102013010242 · Cited by 31
Valenciano‐Mendoza, E., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Granero, R., Gómez‐Peña, M., Moragas, L., Mora‐Maltas, B., Håkansson, A., Menchón, J. M., & Jiménez‐Múrcia, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182111085 · Cited by 25
Hussain, Z., Kırcaburun, K., Savcı, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023) · Journal of Concurrent Disorders · doi:10.54127/aojw5819 · Cited by 23
Wadsley, M. G., & Ihssen, N. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293467 · Cited by 27
Atroszko, P. A. (2018) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2018.0034 · Cited by 23
Montag, C., Yang, H., Wu, A. M. S., Ali, R., & Elhai, J. D. (2025) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15337 · Cited by 22
Cavicchioli, M., Vassena, G., Movalli, M., & Maffei, C. (2018) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1080/10550887.2019.1643211 · Cited by 24
Ko, C., Király, O., Demetrovics, Z., Chang, Y.-M., & Yen, J. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00058 · Cited by 22
Dieterich, R., Wuellhorst, V., Berghäuser, J., Overmeyer, R., & Endraß, T. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13814 · Cited by 20
Mylonopoulos, N. A., & Theoharakis, V. (2021) · International Journal of Electronic Commerce · doi:10.1080/10864415.2021.1887697 · Cited by 25
Paschke, K., Napp, A.-K., & Thomasius, R. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00041 · Cited by 24
Razum, J., Baumgartner, B., & Tkalić, R. G. (2023) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102256 · Cited by 25
Hasani, J., Chashmi, S. J. E., Firoozabadi, M. A., Noory, L., Turel, O., & Montag, C. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.108020 · Cited by 22
Prevalence of problematic internet use in Slovenia
Macur, M., Király, O., Maráz, A., Nagygyörgy, K., & Demetrovics, Z. (2016) · Slovenian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1515/sjph-2016-0026 · Cited by 27
Loscalzo, Y., & Giannini, M. (2020) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v16i4.1911 · Cited by 22
Demographic and psychiatric correlates of compulsive sexual behaviors in gambling disorder
Cowie, M. E., Kim, H. S., Hodgins, D. C., McGrath, D. S., Scanavino, M. D. T., & Tavares, H. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.35 · Cited by 21
Self-discontinuity in behavioral addictions: A psychodynamic framework
Santoro, G., Musetti, A., Costanzo, A., & Schimmenti, A. (2025) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100601 · Cited by 24
Self-citationThe relationship between gaming disorder and addiction requires a behavioral analysis
James, R. J. E., & Tunney, R. J. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.045 · Cited by 21
Liese, B. S., Benau, E. M., Atchley, P., Reed, D. D., Becirevic, A., & Kaplan, B. A. (2018) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2018.1465572 · Cited by 22
Flayelle, M., Verbruggen, F., Schiel, J., Vögele, C., Maurage, P., & Billieux, J. (2020) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1002/hbe2.194 · Cited by 25
Self-citationSándor, A., Münnich, Á., & Molnár, J. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00050 · Cited by 21
Loscalzo, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18030910 · Cited by 21
Factor structure of ten psychoactive substance addictions and behavioural addictions
Gomez, R., Stavropoulos, V., Brown, T., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114605 · Cited by 22
Disordered gaming: The role of a gamer’s distress profile.
Kovacs, J., Zarate, D., Collier, G. D. S., Tran, T. T. D., & Stavropoulos, V. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/cbs0000335 · Cited by 21
Muela, I., Navas, J. F., Ventura-Lucena, J. M., & Perales, J. C. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107410 · Cited by 28
Understanding Motives, Usage Patterns and Effects of Instagram Use in Youths: A Qualitative Study
Saletti, S. M. R., den Broucke, S. V., & Beggelaer, W. V. (2022) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968221114251 · Cited by 37
From Pong to Pokemon Go, catching the essence of the Internet Gaming Disorder diagnosis
Carbonell, X. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.010 · Cited by 21
Are video games intrinsically addictive? An international online survey
Entwistle, G., Blaszczynski, A. P., & Gainsbury, S. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106464 · Cited by 24
Tsumura, H., Kanda, H., Sugaya, N., Tsuboi, S., Fukuda, M., & Takahashi, K. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2018.0233 · Cited by 18
Marengo, D., Sariyska, R., Schmitt, H., Meßner, E.-M., Baumeister, H., Brand, M., Kannen, C., & Montag, C. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/27093 · Cited by 20
Montag, C., & Markett, S. A. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01541-y · Cited by 23
The Bergen Study Addiction Scale: psychometric properties of the Italian version. A pilot study
Loscalzo, Y., & Giannini, M. (2018) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2018.0033 · Cited by 20
Wang, Y., Long, J., Liu, Y.-H., Liu, T., & Billieux, J. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-2449-0 · Cited by 21
Self-citationZhang, Y., Sindermann, C., Kendrick, K. M., Becker, B., & Montag, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.638655 · Cited by 21
Wizła, M., & Lewczuk, K. (2024) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-024-02904-7 · Cited by 20
Sibilla, F., Musetti, A., & Mancini, T. (2021) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2021-3-1 · Cited by 26
Pilatti, A., Bravo, A. J., Michelini, Y., Aguirre, P., & Pautassi, R. M. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100389 · Cited by 28
Zhou, Y., Li, H., Han, L., & Yin, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.739981 · Cited by 19
Efrati, Y., & Spada, M. M. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100431 · Cited by 19
Ayorech, Z., Baldwin, J. R., Pingault, J., Rimfeld, K., & Plomin, R. J. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25374-0 · Cited by 22
Taylor, K. (2023) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13624 · Cited by 19
Eben, C., Bőthe, B., Brevers, D., Clark, L., Grubbs, J. B., Heirene, R. M., Kräplin, A., Lewczuk, K., Palmer, L., Perales, J. C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2023.00052 · Cited by 31
Self-citationTreatment of Internet Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder in Adolescence
Gioia, F., & Boursier, V. (2019) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-8449-0.ch008 · Cited by 19
Social Media as Source of Information, Stress Symptoms, and Burden Caused by Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Brailovskaia, J., Margraf, J., & Schneider, S. (2021) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000452 · Cited by 20
Marengo, D., Montag, C., Mignogna, A., & Settanni, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.830120 · Cited by 20
Saunders, J. B., Rumpf, H., Carragher, N., & Poznyak, V. B. (2025) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-025-00631-0 · Cited by 20
Villanueva‐Blasco, V. J., García-Guerra, M., & Boubeta, A. R. (2025) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108561 · Cited by 22
Smartphone Nonusers: Associated Sociodemographic and Health Variables
Pérez, E. J. P., Morales-Alonso, S., Rodríguez-Rives, E., Olalla, J. M. D., Álvarez-Crespo, B., & Benítez-Robredo, M. T. (2019) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2019.0130 · Cited by 18
Musetti, A., Grazia, V., Alessandra, A., Franceschini, C., Corsano, P., & Marino, C. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10091719 · Cited by 20
Gugushvili, N., Täht, K., Ruiter, R. A. C., & Verduyn, P. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00990-7 · Cited by 22
Are Cyberchondria and Intolerance of Uncertainty Related to Smartphone Addiction?
Vujić, A., Volarov, M., Latas, M., Demetrovics, Z., Király, O., & Szabó, A. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-023-01054-6 · Cited by 23
Barberis, N., Sánchez‐Ruiz, M., Cannavò, M., Calaresi, D., & Verrastro, V. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230205 · Cited by 22
Mennig, M., Tennie, S., & Barke, A. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02702-0 · Cited by 21
Ciudad-Fernández, V., Fournier, L., Escrivá‐Martínez, T., Baños, R., Zarco-Alpuente, A., & Billieux, J. (2025) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2025.00073 · Cited by 21
Self-citationGarakani, A., Zhai, Z. W., Hoff, R. A., Krishnan‐Sarin, S., & Potenza, M. N. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.055 · Cited by 22
Compulsive Instagram use: Roles of stickiness, gratifications, and mindfulness
Lin, Y. (2022) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2022-1-3 · Cited by 17
Wadsley, M. G., & Ihssen, N. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264738 · Cited by 25
Metadata
- Authors
- Billieux, J., Schimmenti, A., Khazaal, Y., Maurage, P., & Heeren, A.
- Affiliations
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (BE)
- Università degli Studi di Enna Kore (IT)
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- UCLouvain (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Billieux, Joël
- Venue
- Journal of Behavioral Addictions
- Publisher
- Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 119-123
- ISSN
- 2062-5871 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4627665
- OpenAlex
- W2154480079
- Cited by
- 920
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 96 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 23
- FWCI
- 78.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Behavioral Addictions (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
- Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- European Commission (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, FP7-PEOPLE-2013, 627999)
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, FP7-PEOPLE-2013)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Keywords
- behavioral addiction, activities of daily living, confirmatory research, diagnostic criteria, cognitive processes, research methodology critique
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Models, Theoretical, Behavior, Addictive, Behavioral Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
