Characteristics and treatment response of self-identified problematic Internet users in a behavioral addiction outpatient clinic
Open accessAbstract
AIMS: Controversies remain about the validity of the diagnosis of problematic Internet use. This might be due in part to the lack of longitudinal naturalistic studies that have followed a cohort of patients who self-identify as having Internet-related problems. METHODS: This retrospective study included 57 patients who consulted the Geneva Addiction Outpatient Clinic from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2010. Patients underwent an initial clinical psychiatric evaluation that included collection of data on socio-demographics, method of referral, specific Internet usage, psychiatric diagnosis, and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) scores. Treatment consisted of individual psychotherapeutic sessions. RESULTS: Of these patients, 98% were male and 37% were 18 years or younger. Most patients were online gamers (46% playing massively multiplayer online role-playing games). The mean IAT score was 52.9 (range 20-90). Sixty-eight percent of patients had a co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis, with social phobia being the most prevalent (17.8%). Patients who remained in treatment (dropout rate 24%) showed an overall improvement of symptoms: 38.6% showed significant or average improvement on their CGI score, 26.3% showed minimal improvement, and 14% showed no change. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that there are specific types of Internet use, with online gaming mainly affecting young male patients. As Internet addiction is not yet an official diagnosis, better instruments are needed to screen patients and to avoid false-negative and false-positive diagnoses. Successful care should integrate the treatment of co-morbid symptoms and involve families and relatives in the therapeutic process.
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Clinical studies describing treatment-seeking cases, including studies of large samples of patients (N>200), have highlighted increasing referrals and associated service demands related to problem gaming.
“Clinical studies describing treatment-seeking cases 148-152 , including studies of large samples of patients (N>200) 148,150 , have highlighted increasing referrals and associated service demands related to problem gaming.”
From Emerging experience with selected new categories in the <scp>ICD</scp>‐11: complex <scp>PTSD</scp>, prolonged grief disorder, gaming disorder, and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [151]
The Methods and Results describe treatment-seeking patients at a behavioral-addiction outpatient clinic, with gaming the main motive for consultation. But the study included 57 patients, not more than 200, and the Discussion describes a relatively low overall consultation rate rather than documenting increasing referrals or service demands. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIndividuals with gaming-related problems may seek assistance from gambling treatment services, units specializing in behavioural addictions, broader treatment providers dealing with addictive disorders, or non-specialized services.
“Other studies have shown that individuals with gaming-related problems may also seek assistance from gambling treatment services 199 , units that specialize in the treatment of behavioural addictions 151,154 , broader treatment providers dealing with addictive disorders in general 204 , or non-specialized services 200 .”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Thorens, G., Achab, S., Billieux, J., Khazaal, Y., Khan, R., Pivin, E., Gupta, V., & Zullino, D.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- University of Luxembourg (LU)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thorens, Gabriel
- Venue
- Journal of Behavioral Addictions
- Publisher
- Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-81
- ISSN
- 2062-5871 (ISSN-L)
- 2063-5303
- PMC
- PMC4117276
- OpenAlex
- W2051999394
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 29.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Journal of Behavioral Addictions (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
- Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- problematic internet use, internet addiction, online games, MMORPG, psychiatric comorbidity, social anxiety disorder, treatment discontinuation, treatment response, Internet Addiction Test, Clinical Global Impression Scale, diagnostic validity, young male patient, family involvement in treatment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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