Symposium‐in‐Print: Singlet Oxygen Invited Review
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is unique amongst reactive oxygen species formed in cells in that it is an excited state molecule with an inherent upper lifetime of 4 micros in water. Whether the lifetime of 1O2 in cells is shortened by reactions with cellular molecules or reaches the inherent maximum value is still unclear. However, even with the maximum lifetime, the diffusion radius is only approximately 220 nm during three lifetimes (approximately 5% 1O2 remaining), much shorter than cellular dimensions indicating that the primary reactions of 1O2 will be subcellularly localized near the site of 1O2 formation. This fact has raised the question of whether spatially resolved cellular responses to 1O2 occur, i.e. whether responses can be initiated by generation and reaction of 1O2 at a particular subcellular location that would not have been produced by 1O2 generation at other subcellular sites. In this paper, we discuss examples of spatially resolved responses initiated by 1O2 as a function of distance from the site of generation of 1O2. Three levels are recognized, namely, a molecular level where the primary oxidation product directly modifies the behavior of a cell, an organelle level where the initial photo-oxidation products initiate mechanisms that are unique to the organelle and the cellular level where mediators diffuse from their site of formation to the target molecules that initiate the response. These examples indicate that, indeed, spatially resolved responses to 'O2 occur in cells.
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Due to the short lifetime and diffusion distance of singlet oxygen, the site of oxidative damage is in close proximity to the localization of the photosensitizer.
“Due to the short lifetime and diffusion distance of singlet oxygen, the site of oxidative damage is in close proximity to the localization of the photosensitizer [13].”
From 5-Aminolevulinic Acid as a Theranostic Agent for Tumor Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
Singlet oxygen generated by PDT oxidizes proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, causing tissue oxidative damage.
“With high reactivity, singlet oxygen can oxidize various biological substances including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, causing tissue oxidative damage.”
From 5-Aminolevulinic Acid as a Theranostic Agent for Tumor Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Redmond, R. W., & Kochevar, I. E.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Redmond, Robert W.
- Kochevar, Irene E.
- Venue
- Photochemistry and Photobiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1178-1186
- ISSN
- 0031-8655 (ISSN-L)
- 1751-1097
- OpenAlex
- W2176326379
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Photochemistry and Photobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P01CA095227)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM030755)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- singlet oxygen, reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen lifetime, subcellular localization, photooxidation, mediators
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Kinetics, Light, Mitochondria, Photochemistry, Photochemotherapy, Photosensitizing Agents, Reactive Oxygen Species, Singlet Oxygen, Luminescence
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