Cited by 56Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsPharmacological Effects and Toxicity StudiesEpilepsy research and treatment

The effect of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid hormonal function: causes and implications

Hamed, Sherifa Ahmed·2015·Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic disease and its treatment is lifelong in one-third of patients. Data from cross-sectional and prospective studies have reviewed the influence of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on thyroid hormones. Thyroid abnormalities were reported in one-third of the patients on AEDs. Subclinical hypothyroidism, reduced thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine and thyroid binding globulin concentrations were reported with phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate and oxcarbazepine, but not with lamotrigine, levitracetam, tiagabine and vigabatrine. All reported patients were clinically euthyroid and hormonal changes were reversible after AED withdrawal. The mechanisms for thyroid dysfunction with AEDs include enhanced metabolism and/or altered protein binding or interference of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function. This review focuses on the evidence, mechanisms of thyroid abnormalities with AEDs and their clinical implications. The associations between subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic risks due to AEDs are also discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1586/17512433.2015.1091302

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  • Subclinical hypothyroidism may occur reversibly following administration of antiepileptic drugs, particularly carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate, oxcarbazepine, but not lamotrigine, levetiracetam, tiagabine and vigabatrin.

    “SCH may occur reversibly following administration of antiepileptic drugs (AED), particularly carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate (77), oxcarbazepine, but not lamotrigine, levitracetam, tiagabine and vigabatrine (36).”

    From L-T4 therapy in the presence of pharmacological interferents (2020) · cites this paper as [36]

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Authors
Hamed, S. A.
Affiliations
Assiut University Hospitals (EG)
Corresponding author
Hamed, Sherifa Ahmed
Venue
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
Published
2015-10-05
Volume
8
Issue
6
Pages
741-750
ISSN
  • 1751-2433 (ISSN-L)
  • 1751-2441
OpenAlex
W2096642600
Cited by
56
References
88
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
FWCI
0.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
Keywords
antiepileptic drugs, thyroid dysfunction, subclinical hypothyroidism, phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, oxcarbazepine, thyroxine-binding globulin, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, drug metabolism, drug withdrawal, metabolic risk
MeSH terms
Anticonvulsants, Epilepsy, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Protein Binding, Thyroid Hormones

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