Clinical feasibility of cervical exercise to improve neck pain, body function, and psychosocial factors in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
[Purpose] To investigate the effect of cervical exercise on neck pain, disability, and psychosocial factors in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. [Subjects] Thirty patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, who also complained of neck pain. [Methods] The cervical exercise group (n = 15) participated in cervical exercises for 30 min, 3 times/week for 6 weeks, and the control group (n = 16) underwent conventional physical therapy alone, without exercise. The exercises were performed in the following order: cervical relaxation, local muscle stabilization, and global muscle stabilization using a sling system. [Results] Compared to the control group, the cervical exercise group demonstrated significant decreases as follows: Visual analogue scale score, 4.2 vs. 1.0; Neck disability index, 3.9 vs. 1.9; and depression on the Symptom checklist-90-revised, 9.4 vs. 4.3 and on the Hopkins symptom checklist-25, 6.3 vs. 2.8. However, anxiety on the Symptom checklist-90-revised (3.1 vs. 1.3) was not significantly different. Effect sizes were as follows: Visual analogue scale score, 1.8; Neck disability index, 0.9; depression, 1.0; and anxiety on Symptom checklist-90-revised and Hopkins symptom checklist-25, 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. [Conclusion] Cervical exercise is effective in improving neck pain, disability, and efficacy of psychological treatment for depression in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Of the 4 trials that examined a body-based intervention, no evident effect was reported on pain reduction and mental health outcomes for people with PTSD.
“Of the 4 trials that examined a body-based interven tion, 33-36 no evident effect was reported on pain re duction and MH outcomes for people with PTSD.”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
The Results (page not provided) report significantly greater reductions in neck pain and depression with cervical exercise than with control treatment in this PTSD trial. Anxiety did not differ significantly, but the paper's findings contradict the claim of no evident effect on pain reduction or mental-health outcomes for this trial. This paper does not assess the other three trials. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn Park et al. (2015), a significant change from baseline to post-treatment on anxiety was found in the CE (mean difference: -3.1, P < .05) but not in the control group (mean difference -1.3, P < .05).
“A significant change from baseline to post-treatment on anxiety was found in the CE (mean difference: -3.1, P < .05) but not in the control group (mean difference -1.3, P < .05)”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as Park et al, (2015)
Table 2 (Results) reports an anxiety change of −3.1 in the CE group, marked significant within group (p < 0.05), and −1.3 in the control group, with no significance mark. The claim correctly describes those changes and the control group's nonsignificant result, but its parenthetical “P < .05” for the control group is not supported by the table. The Results also report that the difference between groups was not significant (p = 0.092). (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn Park et al. (2015), there was no significant between-group difference on anxiety (3.06 [2.32] for the CE group vs 1.26 [3.26] for the control group, P = .092, = .6, 95% CI 3.9, .3).
“No significant between-group difference on anxiety (3.06 [2.32] for the CE group vs 1.26 [3.26] for the control group, P = .092, = .6, 95% CI 3.9, .3)”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as Park et al, (2015)
The Results report no significant between-group difference in anxiety (p = 0.092), and Table 2 gives an effect size of 0.6 and a 95% CI of 3.9 to 0.3. The CE-group value in the Results is 3.06 [2.31], however, not the claimed 3.06 [2.32]. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn Park et al. (2015), there was a significantly greater change of the VAS in the CE group (4.26 [2.21]) than the control group (1.00 [1.19], P = .00, d = 1.8, 95% CI 1.9, 4.6).
“There was a significantly greater change of the VAS in the CE group (4.26 [2.21]) than the control group (1.00 [1.19], P = .00, d = 1.8, 95% CI 1.9, 4.6)”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as Park et al, (2015)
Out of 2 trials including tertiary outcomes of interest, all reported some positive findings, including significantly greater change of neck function.
“Out of 2 trials including tertiary outcomes of interest, all reported some positive findings: significantly greater change of neck function, 33 along with decreased phy sical and emotional disturbances 34 were found.”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
Among the 4 trials in patients with anxiety or stress-related disorders, one implemented a pharmacological-based intervention, one included a multi-component intervention (MCI), and the other 2 included body-based interventions.
“One trial implemented a pharmacolo gical-based intervention, 44 one included a MCI, 29 and the other 2 included body-based interventions. 33,34”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
In Park et al. (2015), from baseline to post-treatment, both CE and control group had significant change on the SCL-90-R (CE mean difference: -9.4, P < .05; control mean difference -4.3, P < .05).
“From baseline to post-treatment, both CE and control group had significant change on - the SCL-90-R (CE mean difference: -9.4, P < .05; control mean difference -4.3, P < .05)”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as Park et al, (2015)
In Park et al. (2015), greater change was found in the CE group than the controls on the SCL-90-R (CE 9.40 [5.22]; control (4.33 [4.70]), P = .009, d = 1.0, 95% CI -8.8, -1.4).
“Greater change was found in the CE group than the controls on - the SCL-90-R (CE 9.40 [5.22]; control (4.33 [4.70]), P = .009, d = 1.0, 95% CI -8.8, -1.4”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as Park et al, (2015)
In Park et al. (2015), from baseline to post-treatment, both CE and control group had significant change on the HSCL-25 (CE mean difference: -5.3, P < .05; control mean difference -1.8, P < .05).
“- the HSCL-25 (CE (mean difference: -5.3, P < .05; control mean difference -1.8, P < .05)”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as Park et al, (2015)
Of the 4 trials in patients with anxiety or stress-related disorders, one trial included only end-of-treatment outcomes.
“Of these 4 trials, one trial included only end-of-treat ment outcomes, 33”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
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“Among the five RCTs, five studies have reported pain intensity, neck disability index [8, 22–24, 29], two studies have reported SF-36 physical health and SF-36 mental health [8, 22], and two studies have reported depression scale [24, 29].”
BackgroundGaze-Induced Dynamic Computer Stand for Relieving Office Neck Fatigue
Fan, X.-W. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 6th International Conference on Biomedicine and Bioinformatics Engineering · doi:10.1145/3822183.3822233
“Active exercise therapies such as cervical exercises [ 9 ] face challenges of poor compliance and insufficient movement standardization.”
- Authors
- Park, S. D., & Kim, S. Y.
- Affiliations
- Daejeon University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Suhn Yeop
- ORCID
- Kim, Suhn Yeop
- Venue
- Journal of Physical Therapy Science
- Publisher
- Society of Physical Therapy Science
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1369-1372
- ISSN
- 0915-5287 (ISSN-L)
- 2187-5626
- PMC
- PMC4483399
- OpenAlex
- W1929108268
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Journal of Physical Therapy Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Daejeon University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, neck pain, neck disability, depression, anxiety, psychosocial factors, cervical relaxation, physiotherapy
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