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Randomized clinical trials of dental bleaching – Compliance with the CONSORT Statement: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
We reviewed the literature to evaluate: a) The compliance of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on bleaching with the CONSORT; and b) the risk of bias of these studies using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool (CCRT). We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed and other electronic databases, to find RCTs focused on bleaching (or whitening). The articles were evaluated in compliance with CONSORT in a scale: 0 = no description, 1 = poor description and 2 = adequate description. Descriptive analyses of the number of studies by journal, follow-up period, country and quality assessments were performed with CCRT for assessing risk of bias in RCTs. 185 RCTs were included for assessment. More than 30% of the studies received score 0 or 1. Protocol, flow chart, allocation concealment and sample size were more critical items, as 80% of the studies scored 0. The overall CONSORT score for the included studies was 16.7 ± 5.4 points, which represents 52.2% of the maximum CONSORT score. A significant difference among journal, country and period of time was observed (p < 0.02). Only 7.6% of the studies were judged at "low" risk; 62.1% were classified as "unclear"; and 30.3% as "high" risk of bias. The adherence of RCTs evaluating bleaching materials and techniques to the CONSORT is still low with unclear/high risk of bias.
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“The evaluation of compliance with the CONSORT statement was performed using a previously validated tool that has been applied in other studies (Loguercio et al. 2017; Reis et al. 2018).”
From Adherence to the CONSORT statement of randomized clinical trials on dentin hypersensitivity treatment using mouthwashes (2025) · cites this paper as Loguercio et al. 2017
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“Some published studies have, however, shown lower adherence to the CONSORT guidelines (Loguercio et al. 2017; Menne et al. 2022; Knippschild et al. 2021; Rezende et al. 2022; Flint and Harrison 2010).”
From Adherence to the CONSORT statement of randomized clinical trials on dentin hypersensitivity treatment using mouthwashes (2025) · cites this paper as Loguercio et al. 2017
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“These variations may be due to methodological choices made by authors when analyzing CONSORT adherence, such as the criteria used for selecting RCTs, the method of conformity assessment, or the publication period (Loguercio et al. 2017).”
From Adherence to the CONSORT statement of randomized clinical trials on dentin hypersensitivity treatment using mouthwashes (2025) · cites this paper as Loguercio et al. 2017
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Metadata
- Authors
- LOGUERCIO, A. D., MARAN, B. M., HANZEN, T. A., PAULA, A. M. D., PERDIGÃO, J., & REIS, A.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (BR)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- Brazilian Oral Research
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2017-08-28
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- suppl 1
- Pages
- e60-e60
- ISSN
- 1517-7491 (ISSN-L)
- 1806-8324
- OpenAlex
- W2749572431
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 234
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Brazilian Oral Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (304104/2013-9, 305,588/2014-1, 2013-9, 2014-1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Erosion and Treatment
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Keywords
- tooth bleaching, CONSORT statement, reporting quality, risk of bias, allocation concealment, protocol registration, flowcharts, sample size, randomized controlled trials
- MeSH terms
- Dental Bonding, Humans, Research Design, Risk Factors, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Publication Bias, Risk Assessment, Guideline Adherence
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