CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Open accessAbstract
Overwhelming evidence shows the quality of reporting of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is not optimal. Without transparent reporting, readers cannot judge the reliability and validity of trial findings nor extract information for systematic reviews. Recent methodological analyses indicate that inadequate reporting and design are associated with biased estimates of treatment effects. Such systematic error is seriously damaging to RCTs, which are considered the gold standard for evaluating interventions because of their ability to minimise or avoid bias. A group of scientists and editors developed the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to improve the quality of reporting of RCTs. It was first published in 1996 and updated in 2001. The statement consists of a checklist and flow diagram that authors can use for reporting an RCT. Many leading medical journals and major international editorial groups have endorsed the CONSORT statement. The statement facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of RCTs. During the 2001 CONSORT revision, it became clear that explanation and elaboration of the principles underlying the CONSORT statement would help investigators and others to write or appraise trial reports. A CONSORT explanation and elaboration article was published in 2001 alongside the 2001 version of the CONSORT statement. After an expert meeting in January 2007, the CONSORT statement has been further revised and is published as the CONSORT 2010 Statement. This update improves the wording and clarity of the previous checklist and incorporates recommendations related to topics that have only recently received recognition, such as selective outcome reporting bias. This explanatory and elaboration document-intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the CONSORT statement-has also been extensively revised. It presents the meaning and rationale for each new and updated checklist item providing examples of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies. Several examples of flow diagrams are included. The CONSORT 2010 Statement, this revised explanatory and elaboration document, and the associated website (www.consort-statement.org) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of randomised trials.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The review followed PRISMA guidelines.
“We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines [33].”
From Systematic review of mind‐body interventions to treat myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
Section 2 identifies this paper’s guidance as CONSORT, a checklist for reporting randomized controlled trials. It does not provide the PRISMA guidelines cited for reporting the review; it describes a different guideline instead. The indexed passage has no page number. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe study design was guided by the adapted CONSORT checklist for pilot trials.
“The study design was guided by the adapted CONSORT checklist for pilot trials [37, 38].”
From It is time to address fear of cancer recurrence in family caregivers: protocol for the feasibility and acceptability of a randomized pilot study of the online version of the Family Caregiver–Fear Of Recurrence Therapy (FC-FORT) (2024) · cites this paper as [38]
Section 2 describes the CONSORT checklist for reporting randomised trials, and the Discussion says it can help researchers design future trials. The cited paper does not identify an adapted checklist for pilot trials, so it supports the general CONSORT basis but not that specific adaptation. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredResearch funded by the pharmaceutical industry is more likely to report findings in its favour, compared with reports of research funded by independent funding bodies.
“As reported in the main CONSORT statement, a systematic review has shown that research funded by the pharmaceutical industry is more likely to report findings in its favour, compared with reports of research funded by independent funding bodies.2 61”
From CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
Restricted randomisation is particularly useful in small trials evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention, to ensure balance in certain characteristics between intervention and control groups.
“Restricted randomisation is particularly useful in small trials evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention, to ensure balance in certain characteristics between intervention and control groups”
From CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
A quality assessment of each report was carried out to determine if the study followed CONSORT criteria.
“A quality assessment of each report was carried out to determine if the study followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) criteria [42].”
From Patient Engagement with Conversational Agents in Health Applications 2016–2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
The study will follow the CONSORT statement and the SPIRIT guidelines.
“For this protocol, we will follow the CONSORT statement (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, http://www.consort-statement.org) (25, 26) and the SPIRIT guidelines (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (27, 28).”
From Spanish Adaptation of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Participants With Cancer: Study Protocol of a Randomized Control Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
The trial will be conducted according to CONSORT 2010 and CONSORT-EHEALTH guidelines, and the protocol is written in accordance with SPIRIT 2013.
“This trial was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT04074681) and will be carried out taking into account the CONSORT 2010 (Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials; www.consort-statement.org) (Moher et al., 2010) and the CONSORT-EHEALTH guidelines (Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials of Electronic and Mobile Health Applications and Online TeleHealth) (Eysenbach and CONSORT”
From Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Moher et al., 2010
The results of the study will be reported according to the guidelines of the CONSORT statement.
“The results of the study will be reported according to the guidelines of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement [45].”
From HELP@APP: Development and evaluation of a self-help app for traumatized Syrian refugees in Germany- A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
The randomized controlled trial was conducted in accordance with the CONSORT 2010 Statement and the CONSORT-EHEALTH guidelines.
“The RCT was conducted in accordance with the CONSORT 2010 Statement [51] and the CONSORT-EHEALTH guidelines [52,53] to study the efficacy of two experimental conditions: 1) In Vivo Exposure and 2) Augmented Reality Exposure (see S1 CONSORT Checklist).”
From In Vivo versus augmented reality exposure in the treatment of small animal phobia: A randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as [52]
Two reviewers independently assessed risk of bias for each included study using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool.
“Two reviewers (Zhen Qu and Jiangyi Ju) independently assessed the risk of bias for each included study. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed via the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool (19).”
From Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic sciatica from herniated disks: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
The Discussion and Item 20 sections address bias in randomized trials, but neither identifies the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool or describes independent assessment by two reviewers. Searches for “Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0” and independent risk-of-bias assessment found no passage supporting the method attributed to this source; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFindings from case studies sometimes fail to be replicated in controlled trials.
“since findings from case studies sometimes fail to be replicated in controlled trials (CONSORT; Moher et al., 2010).”
From THE EFFICACY OF A COMPASSION, ACCEPTANCE AND MINDFULNESS-BASED PILOT INTERVENTION FOR ADOLESCENTS’ TEST ANXIETY: A CASE STUDY USING THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM (2023) · cites this paper as Moher et al., 2010
The Discussion (section 7; page not available) says nonrandomised trials tend to estimate larger treatment effects than randomised trials. A search for case studies and replication found no passage in our copy saying that findings from case studies sometimes fail to be replicated in controlled trials. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDespite the CONSORT recommendation to report adverse events in clinical trials, only 1 included study reported adverse events.
“Regarding reporting of adverse events, despite the recommendation of reporting adverse events in clinical trials by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Group [41], only 1 study [20] reported adverse events.”
From A systematic review of artificial intelligence chatbots for promoting physical activity, healthy diet, and weight loss (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
Restricted randomisation is particularly useful in small trials evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention, to ensure balance in certain characteristics between intervention and control groups.
“Restricted randomisation is particularly useful in small trials evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention, to ensure balance in certain characteristics between intervention and control groups (see main CONSORT statement) [2, 61].”
From CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
A systematic review has shown that research funded by the pharmaceutical industry is more likely to report findings in its favour, compared with reports of research funded by independent funding bodies.
“As reported in the main CONSORT statement, a systematic review has shown that research funded by the pharmaceutical industry is more likely to report findings in its favour, compared with reports of research funded by independent funding bodies [2, 61]”
From CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010 · Cited by 17,796 · see citing works
Self-citationCONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & for the CONSORT Group (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c332 · Cited by 9,329 · see citing works
Self-citationSchulz (1995) · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030 · Cited by 5,634 · see citing works
Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., & Altman, D. G. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04337-3 · Cited by 5,373 · see citing works
Self-citationOptimal Medical Therapy with or without PCI for Stable Coronary Disease
Boden, W. E., O'Rourke, R. A., Teo, K. K., Hartigan, P. M., Maron, D. J., Kostuk, W. J., Knudtson, M., Dada, M., Casperson, P., Harris, C. L., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa070829 · Cited by 4,699 · see citing works
Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Guiding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Tonino, P. A. L., Bruyne, B. D., Pijls, N. H. J., Siebert, U., Ikeno, F., Veer, M. V. ’., Klauß, V., Manoharan, G., Engstrøm, T., Oldroyd, K. G., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0807611 · Cited by 4,262 · see citing works
The Revised CONSORT Statement for Reporting Randomized Trials: Explanation and Elaboration
Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., Moher, D., Egger, M., Davidoff, F., Elbourne, D., Gøtzsche, P. C., Lang, T., & for the CONSORT Group (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00012 · Cited by 3,835 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessing the quality of controlled clinical trials
Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., & Egger, M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.42 · Cited by 3,309 · see citing works
Self-citationTowards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: The STARD Initiative.
Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., Lijmer, J. G., Moher, D., Rennie, D., de Vet, H. C. W., et al. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00010 · Cited by 3,219 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving the Quality of Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials: The CONSORT Statement
Begg, C. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540080059030 · Cited by 3,127 · see citing works
Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach.
Hill, I. D., & Pocock, S. (1984) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531186 · Cited by 2,951 · see citing works
Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies
Deeks, J., Dinnes, J., D'Amico, R., Sowden, A., Sakarovitch, C., Song, F., Petticrew, M., & Altman, D. (2003) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta7270 · Cited by 2,907 · see citing works
Self-citationCONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials
Campbell, M. K., Elbourne, D. R., & Altman, D. G. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7441.702 · Cited by 2,557 · see citing works
Self-citationMoher, D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.15.1987 · Cited by 2,545 · see citing works
Self-citationExternal validity of randomised controlled trials: “To whom do the results of this trial apply?”
Rothwell, P. M. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17670-8 · Cited by 2,544 · see citing works
Wood, L., Egger, M., Gluud, L. L., Schulz, K. F., Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., Gluud, C., Martin, R. M., Wood, A. J. G., & Sterne, J. A. C. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39465.451748.ad · Cited by 2,538 · see citing works
Self-citationAuvert, B., Taljaard, D., Lagarde, E., Sobngwi-Tambekou, J., Sitta, R., & Puren, A. (2005) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298 · Cited by 2,451 · see citing works
Peto, R., Pike, M. C., Armitage, P., Breslow, N. E., Cox, D. R., Howard, S. V., Mantel, N., McPherson, K., Peto, J., & Smith, P. G. (1976) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1976.220 · Cited by 2,294 · see citing works
Boutron, I., Moher, D., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., Ravaud, P., & for the CONSORT Group* (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00008 · Cited by 2,292 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials
Hollis, S., & Campbell, F. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7211.670 · Cited by 2,160 · see citing works
Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: systematic review
Lexchin, J., Bero, L. A., Djulbegovic, B., & Clark, O. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7400.1167 · Cited by 2,147 · see citing works
Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation
The ACTIVE Investigators (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0901301 · Cited by 2,102 · see citing works
Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing.
Gardner, M. J., & Altman, D. G. (1986) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.292.6522.746 · Cited by 2,014 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates
Sacks, F. M., Bray, G. A., Carey, V. J., Smith, S. R., Ryan, D. H., Anton, S. D., McManus, K., Champagne, C. M., Bishop, L. M., Laranjo, N., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0804748 · Cited by 1,966 · see citing works
Statistics notes: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7003.485 · Cited by 1,946 · see citing works
Self-citationVasopressin versus Norepinephrine Infusion in Patients with Septic Shock
Russell, J. A., Walley, K. R., Singer, J., Gordon, A. C., Hébert, P. C., Cooper, D. J., Holmes, C. L., Mehta, S., Granton, J. T., Storms, M. M., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa067373 · Cited by 1,924 · see citing works
The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect
Cook, R. J., & Sackett, D. L. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6977.452 · Cited by 1,885 · see citing works
Smithson, M. J. (2000) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446218525 · Cited by 1,871 · see citing works
Health Measurement Scales--A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use
Waclawski, E. (2010) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqp179 · Cited by 1,870 · see citing works
Chan, A.-W., Hróbjartsson, A., Haahr, M. T., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Altman, D. G. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.20.2457 · Cited by 1,845 · see citing works
Self-citationGuidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to the BMJ
Drummond, M. F., & Jefferson, T. O. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7052.275 · Cited by 1,827 · see citing works
Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: An extension of the CONSORT statement
Zwarenstein, M., Treweek, S., Gagnier, J. J., Altman, D. G., Tunis, S., Haynes, B., Oxman, A. D., Moher, D., & groups, F. T. C. A. P. T. I. H. (. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2390 · Cited by 1,813 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Assessment of Clinically Useful Measures of the Consequences of Treatment
Laupacis, A., Sackett, D. L., & Roberts, R. S. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806303182605 · Cited by 1,681 · see citing works
Freiman, J. A., Chalmers, T. C., Smith, H., & Kuebler, R. R. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197809282991304 · Cited by 1,628 · see citing works
Better Reporting of Harms in Randomized Trials: An Extension of the CONSORT Statement
Ioannidis, J. P. A., Evans, S. J. W., Gøtzsche, P. C., O'Neill, R. T., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K., Moher, D., & for the CONSORT Group* (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-10-200411160-00009 · Cited by 1,593 · see citing works
Self-citationSystematic Review of the Empirical Evidence of Study Publication Bias and Outcome Reporting Bias
Dwan, K., Altman, D. G., Arnaiz, J. A., Bloom, J., Chan, A.-W., Cronin, E., Decullier, E., Easterbrook, P. J., Von Elm, E., Gamble, C., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003081 · Cited by 1,546 · see citing works
Self-citationEtanercept in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: a randomised trial
Mease, P. J., Goffe, B. S., Metz, J. M., VanderStoep, A., Finck, B. K., & Burge, D. J. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02530-7 · Cited by 1,444 · see citing works
Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & for the CONSORT Group* (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00011 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
Self-citationSystematic Reviews in Health Care. Meta-analysis in Context.
Kleijnen, J., & Antes, G. (2002) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/31.3.697 · Cited by 1,373 · see citing works
Brown, M. J., Palmer, C. R., Castaigne, A., de Leeuw, P. W., Mancia, G., Rosenthal, T., & Ruilope, L. M. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02527-7 · Cited by 1,206 · see citing works
Toward Evidence-Based Medical Statistics. 1: The P Value Fallacy
Goodman, S. N. (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00008 · Cited by 1,188 · see citing works
Subgroup analysis and other (mis)uses of baseline data in clinical trials
Assmann, S. F., Pocock, S. J., Enos, L. E., & Kasten, L. E. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02039-0 · Cited by 1,167 · see citing works
Astrup, A., Rössner, S., Van Gaal, L., Rissanen, A., Niskanen, L., Al Hakim, M., Madsen, J., Rasmussen, M. F., & Lean, M. E. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61375-1 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
Reporting of Noninferiority and Equivalence Randomized Trials: An Extension of the CONSORT Statement
Piaggio, G., Elbourne, D. R., Altman, D. G., Pocock, S. J., Evans, S. J. W., & CONSORT Group, F. T. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.10.1152 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
Self-citationRecommendations for Reporting Cost-effectiveness Analyses
Siegel, J. E. (1996) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540160061034 · Cited by 1,147 · see citing works
Factors relevant to the validity of experiments in social settings.
Campbell, D. T. (1957) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0040950 · Cited by 1,143 · see citing works
Cumulative Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Trials for Myocardial Infarction
Lau, J., Antman, E. M., Jimenez-Silva, J., Kupelnick, B., Mosteller, F., & Chalmers, T. C. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199207233270406 · Cited by 1,140 · see citing works
The Risk of Determining Risk with Multivariable Models
Concato, J., Feinstein, A. R., & Holford, T. R. (1993) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00009 · Cited by 1,119 · see citing works
Fox, K., Ford, I., Steg, P. G., Tendera, M., & Ferrari, R. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61170-8 · Cited by 1,099 · see citing works
Whittington, C. J., Kendall, T., Fonagy, P., Cottrell, D. J., Cotgrove, A. J., & Boddington, E. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16043-1 · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
Yusuf, S. (1991) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470010097038 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Streptomycin Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Medical Research Council Investigation
(1948) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4582.769 · Cited by 986 · see citing works
Confidence intervals for the number needed to treat.
Altman, D. G. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1309 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Self-citationA consumer's guide to subgroup analyses
Oxman, A. D., & Guyatt, G. H. (1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-1-78 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
The scandal of poor medical research.
Altman, D. G. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6924.283 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Self-citationFundamentals of Clinical Trials
Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., & DeMets, D. L. (1998) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2915-3 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Plint, A. C., Moher, D., Morrison, A., Schulz, K., Altman, D. G., Hill, C., & Gaboury, I. (2006) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00557.x · Cited by 872 · see citing works
Self-citationMarshall, M., Lockwood, A., Bradley, C., Adams, C., Joy, C., & Fenton, M. (2000) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.176.3.249 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Effect of encouragement on walking test performance.
Guyatt, G. H., Pugsley, S. O., Sullivan, M. J., Thompson, P. J., Berman, L., Jones, N. L., Fallen, E. L., & Taylor, D. W. (1984) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.39.11.818 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Publication bias: the case for an international registry of clinical trials.
Simes, R. J. (1986) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1986.4.10.1529 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Als-Nielsen, B., Chen, W., Gluud, C., & Kjaergard, L. L. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.7.921 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Calculating the number needed to treat for trials where the outcome is time to an event
Altman, D. G., & Andersen, P. K. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7223.1492 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of covert duplicate publication on meta-analysis: a case study
Tramèr, M. R., Reynolds, D. J. M., Moore, R. A., & McQuay, H. J. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.635 · Cited by 702 · see citing works
Why do we need some large, simple randomized trials?
Yusuf, S., Collins, R., & Peto, R. (1984) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780030421 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Hopewell, S., Clarke, M., Moher, D., Wager, E., Middleton, P., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., & and the CONSORT Group (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050020 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Self-citationEncyclopedia of Biostatistics.
Kemp, C. D., Armitage, P., & Coulton, T. (1998) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533871 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Tate, D. F., Jackvony, E. H., & Wing, R. R. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.14.1833 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Statistical Problems in the Reporting of Clinical Trials
Pocock, S., Hughes, M. D., & Lee, R. J. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198708133170706 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Goodman, S. N., & Berlin, J. A. (1994) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-121-3-199408010-00008 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires
Hyett, K., & Mills, T. (2006) · Australian Health Review · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Melander, H., Ahlqvist-Rastad, J., Meijer, G., & Beermann, B. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7400.1171 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
What is missing from descriptions of treatment in trials and reviews?
Glasziou, P., Meats, E., Heneghan, C., & Shepperd, S. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39590.732037.47 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Statistical Power, Sample Size, and Their Reporting in Randomized Controlled Trials
Moher, D. (1994) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520020048013 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Self-citationReporting Randomized, Controlled Trials of Herbal Interventions: An Elaborated CONSORT Statement
Gagnier, J. J., Boon, H., Rochon, P., Moher, D., Barnes, J., Bombardier, C., & for the CONSORT Group* (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00013 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Self-citationCarvedilol for Children and Adolescents With Heart Failure
Shaddy, R. E., Boucek, M. M., Hsu, D. T., Boucek, R. J., Canter, C. E., Mahony, L., Ross, R. D., Pahl, E., Blume, E. D., Dodd, D. A., et al. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.10.1171 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Sample size calculations in randomised trials: mandatory and mystical
Schulz, K. F., & Grimes, D. A. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61034-3 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Continuing Unethical Conduct of Underpowered Clinical Trials
Halpern, S. D. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.3.358 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Wood, A., White, I. R., & Thompson, S. G. (2004) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1191/1740774504cn032oa · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Moher, D., Fortin, P. R., Jadad, A. R., Jüni, P., Klassen, T. P., LeLorier, J., Liberati, A., Penna, A., & Linde, K. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90538-3 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Self-citationMore informative abstracts revisited.
Haynes, R. B., Mulrow, C. D., Huth, E. J., Altman, D. G., & Gardner, M. J. (1990) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-113-1-69 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Self-citationSubverting Randomization in Controlled Trials
Schulz, K. F. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530180050029 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Self-citationSchulz, K. F. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520020051014 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Self-citationDickersin, K. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.4.516 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Albert, C. M., Cook, N. R., Gaziano, J. M., Zaharris, E., MacFadyen, J. G., Danielson, E., Buring, J. E., & Manson, J. E. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.17.2027 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Reporting on Methods in Clinical Trials
DerSimonian, R., Charette, L. J., McPeek, B., & Mosteller, F. C. (1982) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198206033062204 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Randomisation and baseline comparisons in clinical trials
Altman, D. G., & Doré, C. J. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)90014-v · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevention of Depression in At-Risk Adolescents
Garber, J., Clarke, G. N., Weersing, V. R., Beardslee, W. R., Brent, D. A., Gladstone, T. R. G., DeBar, L., Lynch, F. L., D’Angelo, E. J., Hollon, S. D., et al. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.788 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Statistics notes: How to randomise
Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7211.703 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Self-citationHopewell, S., Dutton, S., Yu, L.-M., Chan, A.-W., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c723 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Self-citationPrinciples of multilevel modelling.
Greenland, S. (2000) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/29.1.158 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Statistics Notes: Blinding in clinical trials and other studies
Day, S. J. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7259.504 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
The uncertainty principle and industry-sponsored research
Djulbegović, B., Lacevic, M., Cantor, A. B., Fields, K. K., Bennett, C. L., Adams, J. R., Kuderer, N. M., & Lyman, G. H. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02605-2 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Standardising outcomes for clinical trials and systematic reviews
Clarke, M. (2007) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-8-39 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Some Thoughts on Clinical Trials, Especially Problems of Multiplicity
Tukey, J. W. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.333584 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Campbell, M. J., Julious, S. A., & Altman, D. G. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7013.1145 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidemiology and reporting of randomised trials published in PubMed journals
Chan, A.-W., & Altman, D. G. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71879-1 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of allocation concealment on conclusions drawn from meta-analyses of randomized trials
Pildal, J., Hrobjartsson, A., Jorgensen, K., Hilden, J., Altman, D., & Gotzsche, P. (2007) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dym087 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Self-citationCONSORT for reporting randomised trials in journal and conference abstracts
Hopewell, S., Clarke, M., Moher, D., Wager, E., Middleton, P., Altman, D. G., & Schulz, K. F. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61835-2 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Self-citationRoss, J. S., Hill, K. P., Egilman, D. S., & Krumholz, H. M. (2008) · PubMed · doi:10.1001/jama.299.15.1800 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Outcome reporting bias in randomized trials funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Chan, A.-W. (2004) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.1041086 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Review of survival analyses published in cancer journals
Altman, D., De Stavola, B., Love, S., & Stepniewska, K. (1995) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1995.364 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Self-citationRandomised trial of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for acute and gangrenous cholecystitis
Kiviluoto, T. A., Sirén, J., Luukkonen, P. S., & Kivilaakso, E. O. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)08447-x · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Publication and related biases.
Song, Eastwood, Gilbody, Duley, & Sutton (2000) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta4100 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Kjaergard, L. L., & Als-Nielsen, B. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7358.249 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Controversy in Counting and Attributing Events in Clinical Trials
Sackett, D. L., & Gent, M. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197912273012602 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Assembling Comparison Groups to Assess the Effects of Health care
Chalmers, L. (1997) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689709000706 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Levin, M., Quint, P. A., Goldstein, B., Barton, P., Bradley, J. S., Shemie, S., Yeh, T. S., Kim, S. S., Cafaro, D. P., Scannon, P. J., et al. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02712-4 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Naylor, C., Chen, E., & Strauss, B. (1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-11-916 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Guidelines for Statistical Reporting in Articles for Medical Journals
Bailar, J. C., & MOSTELLER, F. (1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-266 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Randomization, Statistics, and Causal Inference
Greenland, S. (1990) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199011000-00003 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Factors That Can Affect the External Validity of Randomised Controlled Trials
Rothwell, P. M. (2006) · PLoS Clinical Trials · doi:10.1371/journal.pctr.0010009 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Content and quality of 2000 controlled trials in schizophrenia over 50 years
Thornley, B., & Adams, C. E. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7167.1181 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Minimisation: the platinum standard for trials?
Treasure, T., & MacRae, K. D. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7155.362 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Noseworthy, J. H., Ebers, G. C., Vandervoort, M. K., Farquhar, R. E., Yetisir, E., & Roberts, R. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.1.16 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Gøtzsche, P. C. (1989) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(89)90017-2 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Self-citationReliable assessment of the effects of treatment on mortality and major morbidity, I: clinical trials
Collins, R., & MacMahon, S. W. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03651-5 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Comparability of Randomised Groups
Altman, D. G. (1985) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2987510 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Self-citationGILLIGAN, D. M., Nicolson, M. C., Smith, I., et al. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60714-4 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Value of Flow Diagrams in Reports of Randomized Controlled Trials
Egger, M. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.15.1996 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationIntention-to-treat analysis and the goals of clinical trials*
Sheiner, L. B., & Rubin, D. B. (1995) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0009-9236(95)90260-0 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Intentional Ignorance: A History of Blind Assessment and Placebo Controls in Medicine
Kaptchuk, T. J. (1998) · Bulletin of the history of medicine · doi:10.1353/bhm.1998.0159 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
How important is publication bias? A synthesis of available data.
Dickersin, K. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Median follow-up in clinical trials.
Shuster, J. J. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1991.9.1.191 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
A Proposal for Structured Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials
Andrew, E. (1994) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520240054041 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
A randomised controlled trial of care of the perineum during second stage of normal labour
McCandlish, R., Bowler, U., van Asten, H., et al. (1998) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10004.x · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion
Fields, W. S. (1970) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1970.03170120039008 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Pharmaceutical company funding and its consequences: A qualitative systematic review
Sismondo, S. (2007) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2007.08.001 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Reporting on quality of life in randomised controlled trials: bibliographic study
Sanders, C., Egger, M., Donovan, J., Tallon, D., & Frankel, S. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7167.1191 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Self-citationAccuracy of data in abstracts of published research articles
Pitkin, R. M. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.12.1110 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Comparison of Oral Fluconazole and Itraconazole for Progressive, Nonmeningeal Coccidioidomycosis
Galgiani, J. N., Catanzaro, A., Cloud, G. A., Johnson, R. H., Williams, P. L., Mirels, L. F., Nassar, F., Lutz, J. E., Stevens, D. A., Sharkey, P. K., et al. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00009 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
CONSORT Revised—Improving the Reporting of Randomized Trials
Rennie, D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.15.2006 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Reporting of Safety Results in Published Reports of Randomized Controlled Trials
(2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.306 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Analysis and Reporting of Factorial Trials
McAlister, F. A., Straus, S. E., Sackett, D. L., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2545 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalysis of clinical trials by treatment actually received: Is it really an option?
Lee, Y. J., Ellenberg, J. H., Hirtz, D. G., & Nelson, K. B. (1991) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780101011 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Reporting of sample size calculation in randomised controlled trials: review
Charles, P., Giraudeau, B., Dechartres, A., Baron, G., & Ravaud, P. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b1732 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Issues in data monitoring and interim analysis of trials
Grant, A., Altman, D. G., Babiker, A. G., Campbell, M., Clemens, F., Darbyshire, J. H., Elbourne, D. R., McLeer, S., Parmar, M., Pocock, S., et al. (2005) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta9070 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationStatistics Notes: Units of analysis
Altman, D. G., & Martin Bland, J. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7098.1874 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Self-citationFergusson, D. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.37952.631667.ee · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Handling drop‐out in longitudinal clinical trials: a comparison of the LOCF and MMRM approaches
Lane, P. (2008) · Pharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1002/pst.267 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Devereaux, P. J. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.15.2000 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-citationWhen to stop a clinical trial.
Pocock, S. J. (1992) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6847.235 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature
Dans, A. L., Dans, L. F., Guyatt, G. H., Richardson, S., & for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.7.545 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
The causes and effects of socio-demographic exclusions from clinical trials
Bartlett, C., Doyal, L., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Davey, P., Bachmann, M. O., Egger, M., & Dieppe, P. A. (2005) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta9380 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationBero, L., Oostvogel, F., Bacchetti, P., & Lee, K. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040184 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals
(1997) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-126-1-199701010-00006 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Chalmers, T. C., Levin, H. R., Sacks, H. S., Reitman, D., Berrier, J., & Nagalingam, R. (1987) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780060320 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
The Landscape and Lexicon of Blinding in Randomized Trials
Schulz, K. F., Chalmers, I., & Altman, D. G. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00022 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationHopewell, S., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & Schulz, K. F. (2008) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-9-20 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationCONSORT: An Evolving Tool to Help Improve the Quality of Reports of Randomized Controlled Trials
Moher, D. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.18.1489 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationMisuse of statistical methods: critical assessment of articles in BMJ from January to March 1976.
Gore, S. M., Jones, I., & Rytter, E. (1977) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6053.85 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Hupperets, M., Verhagen, E. A. L. M., & van Mechelen, W. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2684 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Intention to treat – who should use ITT?
Lewis, J., & Machin, D. (1993) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1993.402 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
A strategy for modelling the effect of a continuous covariate in medicine and epidemiology.
Royston, P. (2000) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/1097-0258(20000730)19:14 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Clinical Trials: Design, Conduct, and Analysis
Baker, L. H. (1987) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03390090119041 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Bolliger, C. T. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7257.329 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Issues in the Registration of Clinical Trials
Zarin, D. A., Ide, N. C., Tse, T., Harlan, W. R., West, J. C., & Lindberg, D. A. B. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.19.2112 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Statistics in medical journals
Altman, D. G. (1982) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780010109 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationReference bias in reports of drug trials.
Gøtzsche, P. C. (1987) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6599.654 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citationSANDLER, A. D., Sutton, K. A., DeWeese, J., Girardi, M. A., Sheppard, V., & Bodfish, J. W. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199912093412404 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
The Case of the Missing Data: Methods of Dealing with Dropouts and other Research Vagaries
Streiner, D. L. (2002) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370204700111 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Low-Dose Hydrochlorothiazide and Preservation of Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults
LaCroix, A. Z., Ott, S. M., Ichikawa, L., Scholes, D., & Barlow, W. E. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-133-7-200010030-00010 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Pildal, J., Chan, A.-W., Hróbjartsson, A., Forfang, E., Altman, D. G., & Gøtzsche, P. C. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38414.422650.8f · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationStatistical Evaluation of Medical Journal Manuscripts
Schor, S. (1966) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1966.03100130097026 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
van Zanten, S. J. V., Cleary, C., Talley, N. J., Peterson, T. C., Nyrén, O., Bradley, L. A., Verlinden, M. H., & Tytgat, G. N. J. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Taddio, A., the CIHR Team in Children’s Pain, Fassos, F. F., Boon, H., Ilersich, A. L. T., & Einarson, T. R. (1994) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Interpreting Incomplete Data in Studies of Diet and Weight Loss
Ware, J. H. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme030054 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Interim Analyses in Randomized Clinical Trials: Ramifications and Guidelines for Practitioners
Geller, N. L., & Pocock, S. (1987) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531962 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Chan, A.-W., Hrobjartsson, A., Jorgensen, K. J., Gotzsche, P. C., & Altman, D. G. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2299 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly versus delayed neonatal administration of a synthetic surfactant — the judgment of OSIRIS
The Osiris Collaborative Group (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)92557-v · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Development of The Cochrane Collaboration's Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials
Dickersin, K., Manheimer, E., Wieland, S., Robinson, K. A., Lefebvre, C., & McDonald, S. (2002) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278702025001004 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Completeness of reporting trial results: effect on physicians' willingness to prescribe.
Bobbio, M., Demichelis, B., & Giustetto, G. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92407-4 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Webster, J., Clarke, S., Paterson, D. L., Hutton, A., Dyk, S. V., Gale, C., & Hopkins, T. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a339 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Savulescu, J., Chalmers, I., & Blunt, J. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7069.1390 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Randomisation to protect against selection bias in healthcare trials
Kunz, R., Vist, G. E., & Oxman, A. D. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.mr000012.pub2 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Fanaroff, A. A., Korones, S. B., Wright, L. L., Wright, E. C., Poland, R. L., Bauer, C. R., Tyson, J. E., Philips, J. B., Edwards, W. H., Lucey, J. F., et al. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199404213301602 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Adaptive Designs for Randomized Trials in Public Health
Brown, C. H., Ten Have, T. R., Jo, B., Dagne, G., Wyman, P. A., Muthén, B., & Gibbons, R. D. (2009) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100223 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The case for structuring the discussion of scientific papers
Docherty, M., & Smith, R. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7193.1224 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Ascorbic Acid for the Common Cold
Karlowski, T. R. (1975) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1975.03240220018013 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Statistics with Confidence. Confidence Intervals and Statistical Guidelines
Newcombe, R. G. (1990) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.27.1.71 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Limitations are not properly acknowledged in the scientific literature
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.09.011 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Properties of simple randomization in clinical trials
Lachin, J. M. (1988) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(88)90046-3 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Non-random Reflections on Health Services Research
Clarke, M. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7143.1543 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
In the dark The reporting of blinding status in randomized controlled trials
Montori, V. M., Bhandari, M., Devereaux, P. J., Manns, B., Ghali, W. A., & Guyatt, G. H. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00446-8 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationStatistics Notes: Interaction 2: compare effect sizes not P values
Matthews, J. N. S., & Altman, D. G. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7060.808 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Linschoten, R., van Middelkoop, M., Berger, M. Y., Heintjes, E. M., Verhaar, J. A. N., Willemsen, S. P., Koes, B. W., & Bierma‐Zeinstra, S. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b4074 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Altman, D. G. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6791.1481 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationBonell, C. P., Oakley, A., Hargreaves, J., Strange, V., & Rees, R. W. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7563.346 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Fergusson, D. A., Glass, K. C., Hutton, B., & Shapiro, S. (2005) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1191/1740774505cn085oa · Cited by 165 · see citing works
King, M., Nazareth, I., Lampe, F. C., Bower, P., Chandler, M., Morou, M., Sibbald, B., & Lai, R. (2005) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta9350 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Schulz, K. F., Grimes, D. A., Altman, D. G., & Hayes, R. J. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7033.742 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationSplint for Base-of-Thumb Osteoarthritis
Rannou, F., Dimet, J., Boutron, I., Baron, G., Fayad, F., Macé, Y., Beaudreuil, J., Richette, P., Ravaud, P., Revel, M., et al. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-10-200905190-00003 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Alendronate increases lumbar spine bone mineral density in patients with Crohn's disease
Haderslev, K. V., Tjellesen, L., Sørensen, H. A., & Staun, M. (2000) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2000.16518 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
The role of randomization in clinical trials
Armitage, P. (1982) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780010412 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
The randomized clinical trial: bias in analysis.
May, G. S., DeMets, D. L., Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., & Passamani, E. R. (1981) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.64.4.669 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Randomised trials, human nature, and reporting guidelines
Schulz, K. F. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)01201-9 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationWho is blinded in randomized clinical trials? A study of 200 trials and a survey of authors
Haahr, M. T., & Hróbjartsson, A. (2006) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1177/1740774506069153 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 17
- [1]1. Rennie D. CONSORT reviseddimproving the reporting of random- ized trials. JAMA 2001;285:2006e7.
- [5]5. Juni P, Altman DG, Egger M. Systematic reviews in health care: As- sessing the quality of controlled clinical trials. BMJ 2001;323:42e6.
- [88]88. Gallo P, Krams M. PhRMA Working Group on adaptive designs, ''White Paper.'' Drug Information Journal 2006;40:421e82.
- [111]111. Schachter HM, Pham B, King J, Langford S, Moher D. The efficacy and safety of methylphenidate in attention deficit disorder: A sys- tematic review and meta-analyis. Prepared for the Therapeutics Ini- titiative, Vancouver, B.C., and the British Columbia Ministry for Children and Families, 2000.
- [120]120. Altman DG, Bland JM. Absence of evidence is not evidence of ab- sence. BMJ 1995;311:485.
- [142]142. Altman DG, Bland JM. How to randomise. BMJ 1999;319:703e4.
- [167]167. Cheng K, Smyth RL, Motley J, O'Hea U, Ashby D. Randomized controlled trials in cystic fibrosis (1966-1997) categorized by time, design, and intervention. Pediatr Pulmonol 2000;29:1e7.
- [171]171. Meinert CL. Masked monitoring in clinical trialsdblind stupidity? N Engl J Med 1998;338:1381e2.
- [173]173. Schulz KF, Grimes DA, Altman DG, Hayes RJ. Blinding and exclu- sions after allocation in randomised controlled trials: survey of pub- lished parallel group trials in obstetrics and gynaecology. BMJ 1996;312:742e4.
- [182]182. Matthews JN, Altman DG. Interaction 3: How to examine heteroge- neity. BMJ 1996;313:862.
- [216]216. Lewis JA, Machin D. Intention to treatdwho should use ITT? Br J Cancer 1993;68:647e50.
- [219]219. Nagelkerke N, Fidler V, Bernsen R, Borgdorff M. Estimating treat- ment effects in randomized clinical trials in the presence of non- compliance. Stat Med 2000;19:1849e64.
- [225]225. Altman DG. Missing outcomes in randomised trials: addressing the dilemma. Open Med 2009;3:e21e3.
- [232]232. Abraha I, Montedori A, Romagnoli C. Modified intention to treat: frequency, definition and implication for clinical trials [abstract]. Sao Paulo, Brazil: XV Cochrane Colloquium; 2007:86-7.
- [293]293. Chan AW, Tetzlaff J, Altman D, Gotzsche PC, Hrobjartsson A, Krleza-Jeric K, et al. The SPIRIT initiative: defining standard pro- tocol items for randomised trials. Oral presentation at the 16th Co- chrane Colloquium: Evidence in the era of globalisation; 2008 Oct 3-7; Freiburg, Germany [[abstract]]. Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbil- dung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen 2008;102:27.
- [296]296. Lexchin J, Bero LA, Djulbegovic B, Clark O. Pharmaceutical indus- try sponsorship and research outcome and quality: systematic re- view. BMJ 2003;326:1167e70.
- [303]303. Senn S. Crossover trials in clinical research. 2nd ed. Wiley; 2002.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials.
Eldridge, S. M., Chan, C. L., Campbell, M. J., Bond, C. M., Hopewell, S., Thabane, L., & Lancaster, G. A. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i5239 · Cited by 3,404 · see citing works
Self-citationConsort 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trials
Campbell, M. K., Piaggio, G., Elbourne, D. R., Altman, D. G., & for the CONSORT Group (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e5661 · Cited by 3,510 · see citing works
Self-citationCONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials
on behalf of the PAFS consensus group, Eldridge, S. M., Chan, C. L., Campbell, M. J., Bond, C. M., Hopewell, S., Thabane, L., & Lancaster, G. A. (2016) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-016-0105-8 · Cited by 2,843 · see citing works
Self-citationMoons, K. G. M., de Groot, J. A. H., Bouwmeester, W., Vergouwe, Y., Mallett, S., Altman, D. G., Reitsma, J. B., & Collins, G. S. (2014) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001744 · Cited by 2,018 · see citing works
Self-citationDonnelly, J. E., Hillman, C. H., Castelli, D., Etnier, J. L., Lee, S., Tomporowski, P., Lambourne, K., & Szabo-Reed, A. N. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000901 · Cited by 1,864 · see citing works
Berlim, M. T., van den Eynde, F., Tovar-Perdomo, S., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000512 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
Guidelines for the Content of Statistical Analysis Plans in Clinical Trials
Gamble, C., Krishan, A., Stocken, D., Lewis, S., Juszczak, E., Doré, C., Williamson, P. R., Altman, D. G., Montgomery, A., Lim, P., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18556 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Self-citationCuschieri, S. (2019) · Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.4103/sja.sja_559_18 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Mummah, S. A., Robinson, T. N., King, A. C., Gardner, C. D., & Sutton, S. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5927 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Tate, R. L., Perdices, M., Rosenkoetter, U., Wakim, D., Godbee, K., Togher, L., & McDonald, S. (2013) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2013.824383 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
de Boer, M. R., Waterlander, W. E., Kuijper, L. D., Steenhuis, I. H., & Twisk, J. W. (2015) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0162-z · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Akl, E. A., Briel, M., You, J. J., Sun, X., Johnston, B. C., Busse, J. W., Mulla, S., Lamontagne, F., Bassler, D., Vera, C., et al. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e2809 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Self-citationNon-publication of large randomized clinical trials: cross sectional analysis
Jones, C. W., Handler, L., Crowell, K. E., Keil, L. G., Weaver, M. A., & Platts-Mills, T. F. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f6104 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Möhler, R., Köpke, S., & Meyer, G. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0709-y · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Tracy, S. K., Hartz, D. L., Tracy, M. B., Allen, J., Forti, A., Hall, B., White, J., Lainchbury, A., Stapleton, H., Beckmann, M., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61406-3 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents
Hetrick, S. E., McKenzie, J. E., Cox, G. R., Simmons, M. B., & Merry, S. N. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004851.pub3 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Oh, Y. J., Zhang, J., Fang, M.-L., & Fukuoka, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01224-6 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Sosa-Reina, M. D., Nunez-Nagy, S., Gallego-Izquierdo, T., Pecos-Martín, D., Monserrat, J., & Álvarez-Mon, M. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/2356346 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Stevens, A., Shamseer, L., Weinstein, E., Yazdi, F., Turner, L., Thielman, J., Altman, D. G., Hirst, A., Hoey, J., Palepu, A., et al. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g3804 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationFrequency and reasons for outcome reporting bias in clinical trials: interviews with trialists
Smyth, R. M. D., Kirkham, J. J., Jacoby, A., Altman, D. G., Gamble, C., & Williamson, P. R. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c7153 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis
Correale, J., Hohlfeld, R., & Baranzini, S. E. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-022-00697-8 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Bodes Pardo, G., Lluch Girbés, E., Roussel, N. A., Gallego Izquierdo, T., Jiménez Penick, V., & Pecos Martín, D. (2018) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2017.10.016 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
El Soufi, N., & See, B. H. (2019) · Studies in Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.12.006 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
A School-Based Mindfulness Pilot Study for Ethnically Diverse At-Risk Adolescents
Bluth, K., Campo, R. A., Pruteanu-Malinici, S., Reams, A., Mullarkey, M., & Broderick, P. C. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0376-1 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Fludrocortisone for the Prevention of Vasovagal Syncope
Sheldon, R., Raj, S. R., Rose, M. S., Morillo, C. A., Krahn, A. D., Medina, E., Talajic, M., Kus, T., Seifer, C. M., Lelonek, M., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.04.030 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Monteleone, A. M., & Cascino, G. (2021) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2834 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Ghimire, S., Kyung, E., Kang, W., & Kim, E. (2012) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-77 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Meaningful Task-Specific Training (MTST) for stroke rehabilitation:A randomized controlled trial
Narayan Arya, K., Verma, R., Garg, R. K., Sharma, V. P., Agarwal, M., & Aggarwal, G. G. (2012) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1903-193 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Adachi, T., Fujino, H., Nakae, A., Mashimo, T., & Sasaki, J. (2014) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2013.841471 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Ju, J., Li, J., Lin, Q., & Xu, H. (2018) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.212 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Botella, C., Pérez-Ara, M. Á., Bretón-López, J., Quero, S., García-Palacios, A., & Baños, R. M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148237 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Dieng, M., Butow, P. N., Costa, D. S. J., Morton, R. L., Menzies, S. W., Mireskandari, S., Tesson, S., Mann, G. J., Cust, A. E., & Kasparian, N. A. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2016.68.2278 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Which orthodontic appliance is best for oral hygiene? A randomized clinical trial
Chhibber, A., Agarwal, S., Yadav, S., Kuo, C.-L., & Upadhyay, M. (2018) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.10.009 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Accelerated care versus standard care among patients with hip fracture: the HIP ATTACK pilot trial
The Hip Fracture Accelerated Surgical Treatment and Care Track (HIP ATTACK) Investigators (2014) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.130901 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Viskovich, S., & Pakenham, K. I. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22848 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The 5 R's: An Emerging Bold Standard for Conducting Relevant Research in a Changing World
Peek, C. J., Glasgow, R. E., Stange, K. C., Klesges, L. M., Purcell, E. P., & Kessler, R. S. (2014) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.1688 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Kwok, J. Y. Y., Choi, K. C., & Chan, H. Y. L. (2016) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2016.09.016 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Ollendick, T. H., Halldorsdottir, T., Fraire, M. G., Austin, K. E., Noguchi, R. J. P., Lewis, K. M., Jarrett, M. A., Cunningham, N. R., Canavera, K., Allen, K. B., et al. (2015) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.09.004 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
McFarland, L. (2015) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics4020160 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Hopewell, S., Collins, G. S., Boutron, I., Yu, L.-M., Cook, J., Shanyinde, M., Wharton, R., Shamseer, L., & Altman, D. G. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g4145 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationBritton, W. B., Davis, J. H., Loucks, E. B., Peterson, B., Cullen, B. H., Reuter, L., Rando, A., Rahrig, H., Lipsky, J., & Lindahl, J. R. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.09.010 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Joyce, S., Shand, F., Lal, T. J., Mott, B., Bryant, R. A., & Harvey, S. B. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/12894 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Montgomery, P., Underhill, K., Gardner, F., Operario, D., & Mayo-Wilson, E. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.03.006 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
A Self-Help App for Syrian Refugees With Posttraumatic Stress (Sanadak): Randomized Controlled Trial
Röhr, S., Jung, F. U., Pabst, A., Grochtdreis, T., Dams, J., Nagl, M., Renner, A., Hoffmann, R., König, H.-H., Kersting, A., et al. (2021) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/24807 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Hudson, J. L., Moss-Morris, R., Game, D., Carroll, A., McCrone, P., Hotopf, M., Yardley, L., & Chilcot, J. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011286 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
PEDro's bias: summary quality scores should not be used in meta-analysis
da Costa, B. R., Hilfiker, R., & Egger, M. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.08.003 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationKooistra, L. C., Wiersma, J. E., Ruwaard, J., van Oppen, P., Smit, F., Lokkerbol, J., Cuijpers, P., & Riper, H. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0290-z · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Babic, M. J., Smith, J. J., Morgan, P. J., Lonsdale, C., Plotnikoff, R. C., Eather, N., Skinner, G., Baker, A. L., Pollock, E., & Lubans, D. R. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.014 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Age-Dependent Effect of β-Blockers in Preventing Vasovagal Syncope
Sheldon, R. S., Morillo, C. A., Klingenheben, T., Krahn, A. D., Sheldon, A., & Rose, M. S. (2012) · Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.112.974386 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ibrahim, N., Michail, M., & Callaghan, P. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0243-6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
da Costa, B. R., Beckett, B., Diaz, A., Resta, N. M., Johnston, B. C., Egger, M., Jüni, P., & Armijo-Olivo, S. (2017) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-017-0441-7 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationHollis, C., Hall, C. L., Guo, B., James, M., Boadu, J., Groom, M. J., Brown, N., Kaylor‐Hughes, C., Moldavsky, M., Valentine, A. Z., et al. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12921 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
van Helmondt, S. J., van der Lee, M. L., van Woezik, R. A. M., Lodder, P., & de Vries, J. (2020) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5233 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Christoforou, M., Sáez Fonseca, J. A., & Tsakanikos, E. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7747 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Gewandter, J. S., McKeown, A., McDermott, M. P., Dworkin, J. D., Smith, S. M., Gross, R. A., Hunsinger, M., Lin, A. H., Rappaport, B. A., Rice, A. S. C., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.10.003 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Aba, Y. A., Avci, D., Guzel, Y., Ozcelik, S. K., & Gurtekin, B. (2017) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2017.05.005 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Wüsthoff, L. E., Waal, H., & Gråwe, R. W. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-67 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Zorzela, L., Ardestani, S. K., McFarland, L. V., & Vohra, S. (2017) · Beneficial Microbes · doi:10.3920/bm2017.0032 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Prospective reporting of statistical analysis plans for randomised controlled trials
Hemming, K., Kearney, A., Gamble, C., Li, T., Jüni, P., Chan, A.-W., & Sydes, M. R. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04828-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Amiri, M., Kabir, A., Nahidi, F., Shekofteh, M., & Ramezani Tehrani, F. (2018) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.1080/13625187.2018.1435779 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Saltaji, H., Armijo-Olivo, S., Cummings, G. G., Amin, M., & Flores-Mir, C. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190089 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Kraft, M., van den Berg, N., Kraft, K., Schmekel, S., Gärtner, S., Krüger, J., Meyer, J., Lerch, M. M., & Hoffmann, W. (2012) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.02.011 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
McKenzie, J. E., O'Connor, D. A., Page, M. J., Mortimer, D. S., French, S. D., Walker, B. F., Keating, J. L., Grimshaw, J. M., Michie, S., Francis, J. J., et al. (2010) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-5-86 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Bartlett, L., Lovell, P., Otahal, P., & Sanderson, K. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0643-4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Golchert, J., Roehr, S., Berg, F., Grochtdreis, T., Hoffmann, R., Jung, F., Nagl, M., Plexnies, A., Renner, A., König, H.-H., et al. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2110-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Kötter, T., & Niebuhr, F. (2016) · Advances in Medical Education and Practice · doi:10.2147/amep.s110424 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hetrick, S. E., Cox, G. R., Fisher, C. A., Bhar, S. S., Rice, S. M., Davey, C. G., & Parker, A. G. (2015) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12142 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Citation impact was highly variable for reporting guidelines of health research: a citation analysis
Caulley, L., Cheng, W., Catalá-López, F., Whelan, J., Khoury, M., Ferraro, J., Husereau, D., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.07.013 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationWakefield, C. E., Sansom-Daly, U. M., McGill, B. C., McCarthy, M., Girgis, A., Grootenhuis, M., Barton, B., Patterson, P., Osborn, M., Lowe, C., et al. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0681-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Díaz-García, A., González-Robles, A., García-Palacios, A., Fernández-Álvarez, J., Castilla, D., Bretón, J. M., Baños, R. M., Quero, S., & Botella, C. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/21335 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Reis, A., de Geus, J., Wambier, L., Schroeder, M., & Loguercio, A. (2018) · Operative Dentistry · doi:10.2341/17-060-l · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Müller, M., Matthies, L. M., Goetz, M., Abele, H., Brucker, S. Y., Bauer, A., Graf, J., Zipfel, S., Hasemann, L., Wallwiener, M., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04873-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
LOGUERCIO, A. D., MARAN, B. M., HANZEN, T. A., PAULA, A. M. D., PERDIGÃO, J., & REIS, A. (2017) · Brazilian Oral Research · doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0060 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cevasco, K. E., Morrison Brown, R. E., Woldeselassie, R., & Kaplan, S. (2024) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-024-02059-x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Pan‐Weisz, T. M., Kryza‐Lacombe, M., Burkeen, J., Hattangadi‐Gluth, J., Malcarne, V. L., & McDonald, C. R. (2019) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4906 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Stegert, M., Kasenda, B., von Elm, E., You, J. J., Blümle, A., Tomonaga, Y., Saccilotto, R., Amstutz, A., Bengough, T., Briel, M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.05.023 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Khanpour Ardestani, S., Karkhaneh, M., Stein, E., Punja, S., Junqueira, D. R., Kuzmyn, T., Pearson, M., Smith, L., Olson, K., & Vohra, S. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57070652 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Ghosn, L., Boutron, I., & Ravaud, P. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.030 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Trends and predictors of biomedical research quality, 1990-2015: a meta-research study
Catillon, M. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030342 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lin, J., Sander, L., Paganini, S., Schlicker, S., Ebert, D., Berking, M., Bengel, J., Nobis, S., Lehr, D., Mittag, O., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015226 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bartlett, L., Martin, A. J., Kilpatrick, M., Otahal, P., Sanderson, K., & Neil, A. L. (2022) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/30272 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hunniford, V. T., Grudniewicz, A., Fergusson, D. A., Montroy, J., Grigor, E., Lansdell, C., Lalu, M. M., & On behalf of The Canadian Critical Care Translational Biology Group (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.76300 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Francis, L., Dunt, D., & Cadilhac, D. A. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010944 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Lee, H., & Lee, S.-H. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13071533 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Mahmoodi, M., Bakhtiyari, M., Masjedi Arani, A., Mohammadi, A., & Saberi Isfeedvajani, M. (2021) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465820000909 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Díaz-García, A., González-Robles, A., Fernández-Álvarez, J., García-Palacios, A., Baños, R. M., & Botella, C. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1297-z · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Methodology reporting improved over time in 176,469 randomized controlled trials
Kilicoglu, H., Jiang, L., Hoang, L., Mayo-Wilson, E., Vinkers, C. H., & Otte, W. M. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.08.004 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Beckett, R. D., Loeser, K. C., Bowman, K. R., & Towne, T. G. (2016) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-016-0215-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tzanetakis, G. N., & Koletsi, D. (2021) · International Endodontic Journal · doi:10.1111/iej.13573 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Access to unpublished protocols and statistical analysis plans of randomised trials
Campbell, D., McDonald, C., Cro, S., Jairath, V., & Kahan, B. C. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06641-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Veillette, J., Martel, M.-E., & Dionne, F. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1080/24740527.2019.1678113 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Li, S., Wu, X., Chen, P., Pei, Y., Zheng, K., Wang, W., Qiu, E., & Zhang, X. (2019) · Anti-Cancer Drugs · doi:10.1097/cad.0000000000000741 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Diaz-Sanahuja, L., Campos, D., Mira, A., Castilla, D., García-Palacios, A., & Bretón-López, J. M. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100466 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
University of Coimbra, P., PIRES, C. P., HOFMANN, S. G., Philipps-University Marburg, G., PUTWAIN, D. W., Liverpool John Moores University, U., DO CÉU SALVADOR, M., & University of Coimbra, P. (2023) · Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies · doi:10.24193/jebp.2023.1.3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wambier, L. M., Gonçalves, A. D. R., Wambier, D. S., Reis, A., & Chibinski, A. C. R. (2022) · Brazilian Oral Research · doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0017 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Rodrigues, E. P., Fechine, A. J. B., Oliveira, A. C., Matos, C. F. F., Passarela, C. D. M., Hemanny, C., Dias, F. D. M., Batista, J. W., Albuquerque, L. D. C. N., Soares, M. S., et al. (2023) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0247 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Marco, J. H., Llombart, P., Guillén, V., Baños, R. M., Romero, R., Garcia-Conde, A., & Pérez Rodríguez, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.892573 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lamarche, J., Nissim, R., Avery, J., Wong, J., Maheu, C., Lambert, S. D., Laizner, A. M., Jones, J., Esplen, M. J., & Lebel, S. (2024) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-024-01567-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Martel, M.-E., Dionne, F., Pagé, M. G., & Choinière, M. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100760 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Giovanazzi, A., Gios, L., Gentilini, M. A., Mastellaro, M., Bartolotta, P., Nicolussi Giacomaz, L., Eccher, C., & Inchiostro, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare · doi:10.3389/fcdhc.2025.1589548 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., Montori, V., Gøtzsche, P. C., Devereaux, P. J., Elbourne, D., Egger, M., & Altman, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Ottawa Hospital (CA)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Family Health International 360 (US)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- McMaster University (CA)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Moher, David
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e1-e37
- ISSN
- 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4235092737
- Cited by
- 1,858
- References
- 303
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 132 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 146 · 2021: 153 · 2020: 179 · 2019: 146 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 132 · 2015: 140 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 81
- FWCI
- 74.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- Johns Hopkins University
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
- McMaster University
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- University of Oxford
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- University of California, Irvine
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Keywords
- CONSORT 2010, reporting quality, randomized controlled trials, reporting bias, selective outcome reporting, flowcharts, trial reporting checklist, critical appraisal
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Publishing, Quality Control, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Guidelines as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
