Therapeutic effects of a horse riding simulator in children with cerebral palsy
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of horse ridding simulator on the sitting postural control of children with spastic diplegia. METHOD: Forty children were randomly divided in a group using the simulator (RS) and a group performing conventional physical therapy (CT). FScan/Fmat equipment was used to register maximal displacement in antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions with children in sitting position. At the pre and post intervention stage both groups were classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and, after intervention, by the AUQEI questionnaire (Autoquestionnaire Qualité de vie Enfant Image). RESULTS: Comparison between groups disclosed statistically significant pos-intervention improvement both in the AP (p<0.0001) as in the ML (p<0.0069) direction in the RS group. CONCLUSION: The horse ridding simulator produced significant improvement in the postural control of children in sitting position, additionally showing a higher motor functionality and a better acceptance of the therapeutic intervention.
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Eight hours (two 40min sessions/wk for 6wks) of NDT focusing on trunk control improved postural control in sitting (BF&S) in children with spastic diplegia (GMFCS II-V), aged 3 to 10 years.
“Eight hours (two 40min sessions/wk for 6wks) of NDT focusing on trunk control improved postural control in sitting (BF&S) in children with spastic diplegia (GMFCS II -V), aged 3 to 10 years (level II, conduct weak, see Table SIIIa). 48”
From Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [48]
The Method section (page unavailable) confirms that children aged 3–10 with spastic diplegia received 12 twice-weekly, 40-minute NDT sessions focused on trunk control. The Results report significant sitting-postural-control improvement for the horse-riding simulator group relative to the conventional-therapy group, not an established improvement from NDT; the paper measured pressure-center displacement with F-Scan/F-Mat, not BF&S. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA higher dose of 8 hours (two 40min sessions/wk for 6wks) of simulator training improved sitting balance (BF&S) in another heterogeneous group of children with CP (GMFCS II-IV).
“A higher dose of 8 hours (two 40min sessions/wk for 6wks) improved sitting balance (BF&S) in another heterogeneous group of children with CP (GMFCS II -IV) (evidence level II, conduct weak; see Table SIIIa). 48”
From Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [48]
The Method reports twelve 40-minute simulator sessions given twice weekly, totaling eight hours over six weeks. The Abstract and Discussion report improved sitting postural control. However, the Results include children at GMFCS level V, not only levels II–IV, and the Method identifies F-Scan/F-Mat rather than BF&S as the balance assessment. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe statistical significance of the change in postural control in sitting from eight hours of NDT was not reported.
“The statistical significance of this change was not reported.”
From Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Borges, M. B. S., Werneck, M. J. D. S., Silva, M. D. L. D., Gandolfi, L., & Pratesi, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Brasília (BR)
- Universidade Católica de Brasília (BR)
- Venue
- Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 799-804
- ISSN
- 0004-282X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1992166140
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- RIUnB Institutional Repository (University of Brasília) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Keywords
- cerebral palsy, spastic diplegia, postural control, sitting posture, children, conventional physiotherapy, motor function, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Child, Preschool, Exercise Therapy, Female, Horses, Humans, Male, Treatment Outcome, Equine-Assisted Therapy
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