Discovery and Characterization of Field Resistance to Bt Maize: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Puerto Rico

Storer, Nicholas P.; Babcock, Jonathan M.; Schlenz, Michele; Meade, Thomas; Thompson, Gary D.; Bing, James W.; Huckaba, Randy M.

doi:10.1603/ec10040

Cited by 641Insect Resistance and GeneticsGenetically Modified Organisms ResearchInsect-Plant Interactions and Control

Discovery and Characterization of Field Resistance to Bt Maize: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Puerto Rico

Storer, Nicholas P., Babcock, Jonathan M., Schlenz, Michele, Meade, Thomas, Thompson, Gary D., Bing, James W., Huckaba, Randy M.·2010·Journal of Economic Entomology

DOI 10.1603/ec10040

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Abstract

Transgenic maize, Zea mays L., event TC1507 produces the Cry1F protein to provide protection from feeding by several important lepidopteran pests, including Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Reports of reduced field performance against this species in Puerto Rico were investigated, and laboratory bioassays showed that S. frugiperda collected from the affected area exhibited lower sensitivity to the Cry1F protein compared with typical colonies from other regions. The resistance was shown to be autosomally inherited and highly recessive. The Puerto Rico colony was shown to be moderately less sensitive than susceptible laboratory strains to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac, but the differences in sensitivity were dramatically smaller than for Cry1F. Potential contributory factors to the emergence of resistance to Cry1F in Puerto Rico populations of S. frugiperda include the tropical island geography, unusually large population sizes in 2006, and drought conditions reducing the availability of alternative hosts. In response to this resistance incident, the technology providers have stopped commercial sales of TC1507 maize in Puerto Rico pending potential reversion to susceptibility.

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Resistance and cross-resistance to Bt maize were recently detected in Spodoptera frugiperda in Puerto Rico, Busseola fusca in South Africa, and D. virgifera in Iowa, even though refuges have been mandated in USA, EU, Australia and elsewhere.
“Actually, resistance and cross-resistance to Bt maize were recently detected in Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Puerto Rico37, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South Africa38 and in the Coleoptera D. virgifera in Iowa39 even though the implementation of refuges has been mandated in USA, EU, Australia and elsewhere40.”
From Impact of genetically engineered maize on agronomic, environmental and toxicological traits: a meta-analysis of 21 years of field data (2018) · cites this paper as [37]
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Authors: Storer, N. P., Babcock, J. M., Schlenz, M., Meade, T., Thompson, G. D., Bing, J. W., & Huckaba, R. M.
Affiliations: Dow Agrosciences (United States) (US)
ORCID: Storer, Nicholas P.
Venue: Journal of Economic Entomology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2010-08-01
Volume: 103
Issue: 4
Pages: 1031-1038
ISSN: 0022-0493 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1603/ec10040
OpenAlex: W2115827196
Cited by: 641
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 58
FWCI: 17.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Economic Entomology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda, Bt maize, insecticide resistance, field resistance, Puerto Rico, autosomal recessive inheritance, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, drought, population size, resistance management
MeSH terms: Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins, Animals, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacterial Proteins, Zea mays, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Endotoxins, Hemolysin Proteins, Insecticide Resistance, Puerto Rico, Spodoptera, Plants, Genetically Modified

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Discovery and Characterization of Field Resistance to Bt Maize: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Puerto Rico

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