The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Character-Aware Neural Language Models
Open accessAbstract
We describe a simple neural language model that relies only on character-level inputs. Predictions are still made at the word-level. Our model employs a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a highway net work over characters, whose output is given to a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network language model (RNN-LM). On the English Penn Treebank the model is on par with the existing state-of-the-art despite having 60% fewer parameters. On languages with rich morphology (Arabic, Czech, French, German, Spanish, Russian), the model outperforms word-level/morpheme-level LSTM baselines, again with fewer parameters. The results suggest that on many languages, character inputs are sufficient for language modeling. Analysis of word representations obtained from the character composition part of the model reveals that the model is able to encode, from characters only, both semantic and orthographic information.
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Cites
ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155
Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318
Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space
Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., & Dean, J. (2013) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1301.3781 · Cited by 26,568
Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English: The Penn Treebank
Marcus, M. (1993) · doi:10.21236/ada273556 · Cited by 7,405
Improving neural networks by preventing co-adaptation of feature detectors
Hinton, G. E., Srivastava, N., Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Salakhutdinov, R. R. (2012) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1207.0580 · Cited by 6,382
Recurrent neural network based language model
Mikolov, T., Karafiát, M., Burget, L., Černocký, J., & Khudanpur, S. (2010) · Interspeech 2010 · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2010-343 · Cited by 5,390
Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation
Cho, K., van Merrienboer, B., Gulcehre, C., Bahdanau, D., Bougares, F., Schwenk, H., & Bengio, Y. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1406.1078 · Cited by 3,317
LSTM neural networks for language modeling
Sundermeyer, M., Schlüter, R., & Ney, H. (2012) · Interspeech 2012 · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2012-65 · Cited by 1,963
Cited by
Deep Contextualized Word Representations
Peters, M., Neumann, M., Iyyer, M., Gardner, M., Clark, C., Lee, K., & Zettlemoyer, L. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/n18-1202 · Cited by 11,983
Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information
Bojanowski, P., Grave, E., Joulin, A., & Mikolov, T. (2017) · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00051 · Cited by 9,645
Recent advances in convolutional neural networks
Gu, J., Wang, Z., Kuen, J., Ma, L., Shahroudy, A., Shuai, B., Liu, T., Wang, X., Wang, G., Cai, J., et al. (2018) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2017.10.013 · Cited by 6,576
Communication-Efficient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data
McMahan, H. B., Moore, E., Ramage, D., Hampson, S., & Arcas, B. A. Y. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1602.05629 · Cited by 14,215
“On this data we train a stacked character-level LSTM language model, which after reading each character in a line, predicts the next character [22].”
BackgroundMethodNeural Architectures for Named Entity Recognition
Lample, G., Ballesteros, M., Subramanian, S., Kawakami, K., & Dyer, C. (2016) · Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies · doi:10.18653/v1/n16-1030 · Cited by 4,401
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, Y., Jernite, Y., Sontag, D., & Rush, A.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
- Published
- 2016-03-05
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2159-5399 (ISSN-L)
- 2374-3468
- OpenAlex
- W2951559648
- Cited by
- 1,491
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 154.11
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
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